Stolarek et al: Genetic history of East-Central Europe...

[ambron]

Leonardo

In McColl's work (supplementary material no. 17) we see 25 Hungarian La Tène samples, 24 of which have Baltic BA admixture. Of these, at least 5 are at the level of 40-70%.

So it's not a coincidence. There has simply took place a population flow between Poland and Pannonia since the Bronze Age, as seen in the division of IBD segments from Ralph's work and Cassidy's work.

[alexfritz]

RKF106 (pure Slav?) and RKF183 (Slav mixed with local Pannonian population?) form a small pedigree.





Distance to: HungaryMiddleTisza_AvarPeriod:RKF106
0.02922706 Lithuanian_VA
0.02992499 Lithuanian_RA
0.03105828 Lithuanian_PA
0.03355386 Lithuanian_SZ
0.03592017 Russian_Pskov
0.03621161 Latvian
0.03808722 Belarusian
0.03836069 Ukrainian_Rivne
0.03861658 Lithuanian_VZ
0.03910529 Ukrainian_Chernihiv
0.04041342 Russian_Smolensk
0.04087973 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr
0.04140846 Sorb_Niederlausitz
0.04178742 Russian_Kursk
0.04186993 Lithuanian_PZ
0.04215356 Russian_Voronez
0.04263483 Russian_Belgorod
0.04301726 Ukrainian_Dnipro
0.04356316 Estonian
0.04392931 Polish
0.04404640 Russian_Kaluga
0.04436511 Polish_Kashubian
0.04471491 Ukrainian_Sumy
0.04518638 Russian_Yaroslavl
0.04523123 Russian_Orel

RKF106 belongs to R-PF6155 (R-M458?) - https://www.theytree.com/tree/R-PF6155



Distance to: HungaryMiddleTisza_AvarPeriod:RKF183
0.02039666 Hungarian
0.02100703 Croatian
0.02500316 Slovenian
0.02552174 Austrian
0.02842506 Ukrainian_Zakarpattia
0.02878348 Czech
0.02889017 German_Erlangen
0.02951119 Bosnian
0.03038727 German_East
0.03330135 Moldovan
0.03423608 Serbian
0.03432276 German
0.03473938 Slovakian
0.03487904 Ukrainian_Lviv
0.03568972 German_Hamburg
0.03755259 Montenegrin
0.03771749 Moldovan_o
0.03781927 Polish_Silesian
0.04140453 Polish
0.04142515 French_Alsace
0.04234225 Sorb_Niederlausitz
0.04267194 French_Seine-Maritime
0.04295870 Romanian
0.04337243 Afrikaner
0.04347821 BelgianA

Pribislav wrote:
"RKF106 is definitely L1029. He has two derived SNPs at L1029 level, AMM269/S4546/Z2938+  T>C (3C) and AMM272/S4548/Z2954+  C>A (1A). The only derived SNP I could find below L1029 is BY82719+ at L1029>YP416>Y348628 level, but it is a C>T transition covered with only one read. YP416 isn't covered."

if true then RKF 106 is now the second oldest L1029 after Wielbark Czarnowko
unfortunatly with no absolute-date but he is assigned to the EA

the pedigree with RKF 183 is really interesting since he also gets assigned to the EA and usually the premise is that the Slavs came along with the Avars thus a timely gettogether and judging by the modern ref maps the common maternal side doesnt really look to be from any other place than 106 himself; so with 183 being I1a(L22) from which local/pre-avar group could his paternal side be from ? the Gepid_P group atleast proved I1a rich in the TT and his qpAdm goes in favor for Lon_P_north vs Sarm_P, might be a hint with whom the 106 family mingled with; a connection to Wielbark times is prob too far out

both have the same assemblage of iron buckles and iron knife, though 183 must have had a higher standing (smthing to do with horses) given his iron stirrups; acc to Schmid the buckles at the site are either simple iron types 1a-1b or more elaborate avar/steppe style bronze types 3-6b; the iron-knife attached to one of the belts was used as a tool acc to Schmid

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Spoiler

[Radko]

Unveiling Hunnic Legacy: Decoding Elite Presence in Poland through a Unique Child's Burial with Modified Cranium

This study presents a double burial from Czulice indicating elements of the Hunnic culture. Individual I, aged 7-9, and Individual II, aged 8-9 with a skull deformation, were both genetically identified as boys. Individual II, who exhibited genetic markers of Asian ancestry, was equipped with gold and silver items. In contrast, Individual I displayed European ancestry. The application of strontium isotope analysis shed light on the origins of the individuals. Individual I was non-local, while Individual II was identified as a local, but also falling within the range commonly associated with the Pannonian Plain. Stable isotope analysis suggested a diet consisting of inland resources. Through radiocarbon dating, this burial was determined to date back to the years 395-418 CE, making it the earliest grave of its kind discovered in Poland. The analyses have provided new insights into the nature of the relationship between the Huns and the local inhabitants.

Distance to: poland_huns:czu001
0.03510637 Norwegian
0.03654482 Danish
0.03667875 Swedish
0.03676891 Icelandic
0.04263559 Irish
0.04297734 Dutch
0.04406862 Scottish
0.04423722 Orcadian
0.04541657 Shetlandic
0.04555471 Welsh
0.04583222 English
0.04721248 English_Cornwall
0.04794601 German_Hamburg
0.04986822 French_Brittany
0.05237936 Afrikaner
0.05280204 German
0.05782225 German_Erlangen
0.05922289 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.06022684 German_East
0.06073925 BelgianA
0.06116635 Czech
0.06136925 BelgianB
0.06358391 Polish_Silesian
0.06409859 Slovakian
0.06434639 Austrian

Target: poland_huns:czu001
Distance: 3.2429% / 0.03242893
41.0 Norwegian
39.8 Icelandic
16.4 Finnish_Southeast
1.6 Spanish_Soria
1.2 Bantu_Kenya

poland_huns:czu001,0.121791,0.133034,0.075801,0.070737,0.042469,0.017012,0.00188,0.011307,0.006749,-0.002369,-0.005196,0.004946,-0.013379,-0.013762,0.021444,0.025722,0.004433,-0.003294,-0.002891,0.008754,0.013102,0.000618,-0.002095,0.019882,-0.001197

[ph2ter]

Unveiling Hunnic Legacy: Decoding Elite Presence in Poland through a Unique Child's Burial with Modified Cranium

This study presents a double burial from Czulice indicating elements of the Hunnic culture. Individual I, aged 7-9, and Individual II, aged 8-9 with a skull deformation, were both genetically identified as boys. Individual II, who exhibited genetic markers of Asian ancestry, was equipped with gold and silver items. In contrast, Individual I displayed European ancestry. The application of strontium isotope analysis shed light on the origins of the individuals. Individual I was non-local, while Individual II was identified as a local, but also falling within the range commonly associated with the Pannonian Plain. Stable isotope analysis suggested a diet consisting of inland resources. Through radiocarbon dating, this burial was determined to date back to the years 395-418 CE, making it the earliest grave of its kind discovered in Poland. The analyses have provided new insights into the nature of the relationship between the Huns and the local inhabitants.

Distance to: poland_huns:czu001
0.03510637 Norwegian
0.03654482 Danish
0.03667875 Swedish
0.03676891 Icelandic
0.04263559 Irish
0.04297734 Dutch
0.04406862 Scottish
0.04423722 Orcadian
0.04541657 Shetlandic
0.04555471 Welsh
0.04583222 English
0.04721248 English_Cornwall
0.04794601 German_Hamburg
0.04986822 French_Brittany
0.05237936 Afrikaner
0.05280204 German
0.05782225 German_Erlangen
0.05922289 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.06022684 German_East
0.06073925 BelgianA
0.06116635 Czech
0.06136925 BelgianB
0.06358391 Polish_Silesian
0.06409859 Slovakian
0.06434639 Austrian

Target: poland_huns:czu001
Distance: 3.2429% / 0.03242893
41.0 Norwegian
39.8 Icelandic
16.4 Finnish_Southeast
1.6 Spanish_Soria
1.2 Bantu_Kenya

poland_huns:czu001,0.121791,0.133034,0.075801,0.070737,0.042469,0.017012,0.00188,0.011307,0.006749,-0.002369,-0.005196,0.004946,-0.013379,-0.013762,0.021444,0.025722,0.004433,-0.003294,-0.002891,0.008754,0.013102,0.000618,-0.002095,0.019882,-0.001197

IA_Roman:



modern:

[Orentil]

A Gepid or Herulian boy? (if it is true that the Visigoths and East Goths already showed major shifts at that time). I assume an IBD analysis would rather group him to EastScand then SouthScand.

PS: Maybe a hostage boy of a Germanic elite family at a Hunnic court (see posts below) in Southern Poland, dying together with his Hunnic friend, very interesting find

[Radko]

The earliest (so far) and two latest (before the arrival of the Slavs) radiocarbon dated pre-Medieval Germanic samples from Poland:

Poland_Kowalewko_40BC-87AD:PCA0046,0.136588,0.120848,0.067127,0.062985,0.040007,0.029562,0.00799,0.010846,0.006545,-0.014397,-0.002273,0,0.001635,-0.006193,0.016829,0.0179,0.006258,0.003294,0.001131,0.009129,0.003369,0.009769,-0.003328,0.016026,0.000359
Poland_Maslomecz_211-383_AD:PCA0088,0.12862,0.132019,0.074293,0.062985,0.040007,0.019243,0.005405,0.007615,0.005318,-0.003098,-0.005846,0.002398,0.002973,0.002477,0.025651,0.013392,0.001173,0.005194,0.004525,0.013632,0.011105,0.007296,0.008874,0.00241,-0.003592
Poland_Czulice_395-418_AD:czu001,0.121791,0.133034,0.075801,0.070737,0.042469,0.017012,0.00188,0.011307,0.006749,-0.002369,-0.005196,0.004946,-0.013379,-0.013762,0.021444,0.025722,0.004433,-0.003294,-0.002891,0.008754,0.013102,0.000618,-0.002095,0.019882,-0.001197

Distance to: Poland_Kowalewko_40BC-87AD:PCA0046
0.02612027 Swedish
0.03180897 Norwegian
0.03399737 Danish
0.03565829 Icelandic
0.03741169 German_Hamburg
0.04151705 Dutch
0.04167625 Shetlandic
0.04382927 Scottish
0.04402988 Czech
0.04428776 Irish
0.04433336 Orcadian
0.04596790 Slovakian
0.04600215 Welsh
0.04614177 English
0.04620802 German
0.04794334 Polish_Silesian
0.04887633 German_Erlangen
0.04944551 German_East
0.04972205 English_Cornwall
0.05065897 Afrikaner
0.05067526 Finnish_Southeast
0.05069695 Polish_Kashubian
0.05178918 French_Brittany
0.05222540 Polish
0.05478858 Hungarian

Distance to: Poland_Maslomecz_211-383_AD:PCA0088
0.02595094 Swedish
0.03071024 Danish
0.03071789 Norwegian
0.03153330 Icelandic
0.03389749 German_Hamburg
0.03842968 Dutch
0.03933471 Orcadian
0.04007173 Scottish
0.04145216 Welsh
0.04160053 Irish
0.04185368 Czech
0.04196415 English
0.04265845 German
0.04271814 Shetlandic
0.04349343 German_East
0.04405247 English_Cornwall
0.04570780 German_Erlangen
0.04665124 Afrikaner
0.04773073 French_Brittany
0.04921168 Slovakian
0.05000669 Polish_Silesian
0.05008663 Polish_Kashubian
0.05125433 Polish
0.05175704 Austrian
0.05246161 BelgianA

Distance to: Poland_Czulice_395-418_AD:czu001
0.03510637 Norwegian
0.03654482 Danish
0.03667875 Swedish
0.03676891 Icelandic
0.04263559 Irish
0.04297734 Dutch
0.04406862 Scottish
0.04423722 Orcadian
0.04541657 Shetlandic
0.04555471 Welsh
0.04583222 English
0.04721248 English_Cornwall
0.04794601 German_Hamburg
0.04986822 French_Brittany
0.05237936 Afrikaner
0.05280204 German
0.05782225 German_Erlangen
0.05922289 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.06022684 German_East
0.06073925 BelgianA
0.06116635 Czech
0.06136925 BelgianB
0.06358391 Polish_Silesian
0.06409859 Slovakian
0.06434639 Austrian

[Orentil]

Has anybody more archaeological information about this double burial? Interestingly Czulice is just 34 km away from the grave in Jakuszowice: "More
than a half of Early Migration Period Nomadic Finds (pp. 370 –410) by Judyta Rodzińska-Nowak deals with the ‘princely’ grave found at Jakuszowice near Cracow in 1911, but only now submitted to an all-embracing study, including metallographic analyses. She confirms Godłowski’s dating of the burial to the thirties of the fifth century, just before Attila’s reign, but leaves open the question of identity of the frail youth buried with his horse six metres below the ground with an inventory of weapons, ornaments, and horse trappings which, though sorely incomplete due to the circumstances of the discovery, match the contemporary ‘royal’ burials and sacrificial deposits of the Carpathian Basin: a member of the uppermost Hunnic élite or a scion of the local ruling family subordinated to the Huns? Be that as it may, this find (plus most probably the nearby inhumation grave of a warrior with deformed skull equipped with a Hunnic seax at Przemęczany) shows that in the second quarter of the fifth century the south-eastern pocket of the Przeworsk Culture was a part of the Hunnic empire." (Ziolkowski, Pollen, brooches, solidi and Restgermanen or todays Poland during the migration period)

[Radko]

Has anybody more archaeological information about this double burial? Interestingly Czulice is just 34 km away from the grave in Jakuszowice: "More
than a half of Early Migration Period Nomadic Finds (pp. 370 –410) by Judyta Rodzińska-Nowak deals with the ‘princely’ grave found at Jakuszowice near Cracow in 1911, but only now submitted to an all-embracing study, including metallographic analyses. She confirms Godłowski’s dating of the burial to the thirties of the fifth century, just before Attila’s reign, but leaves open the question of identity of the frail youth buried with his horse six metres below the ground with an inventory of weapons, ornaments, and horse trappings which, though sorely incomplete due to the circumstances of the discovery, match the contemporary ‘royal’ burials and sacrificial deposits of the Carpathian Basin: a member of the uppermost Hunnic élite or a scion of the local ruling family subordinated to the Huns? Be that as it may, this find (plus most probably the nearby inhumation grave of a warrior with deformed skull equipped with a Hunnic seax at Przemęczany) shows that in the second quarter of the fifth century the south-eastern pocket of the Przeworsk Culture was a part of the Hunnic empire." (Ziolkowski, Pollen, brooches, solidi and Restgermanen or todays Poland during the migration period)

More about Jakuszowice - https://www.academia.edu/51206643/The_pr...domination

[ambron]

Radko

And what did the other one - the local - look like?
Because we also know such Huns:

Distance to: OWN_Hungary_Hun_-_CSB-9
9.48683298 Estonian_-_Est380
9.69535971 Lithuanian_-_lithuania2
9.74679434 Lithuanian_-_lithuania10

Distance to: OWN_Hungary_Hun_-_CSB-3
15.19868415 Ukrainian_Lviv_-_UkrLv240
16.00000000 Hungarian_-_hungary7
16.06237840 Romanian_-_A306

Distance to: OWN_Hungary_Hun_-_SZLA-646
10.14889157 Ukrainian_North_-_UKR-1903
11.91637529 Russian_Ershichi_-_Rsm-103
11.95826074 Belarusian_-_belarusian47zp

Distance to: OWN_Hungary_Hun_-_SEI-6
13.67479433 Croatian_-_CRO53
13.96424004 Czech_-_NA15730
13.96424004 Hungarian_-_NA15199

Distance to: OWN_Hungary_Hun_-_SEI-5
12.16552506 Ukrainian_Lviv_-_UkrLv240
13.15294644 Hungarian_-_hungary7
13.26649916 Hungarian_-_NA15207

[Radko]

...

Distance to: Hungary_EarlyAvar:CSB-9.SG (Slav?)
0.02900843 Lithuanian_PZ
0.03063915 Latvian
0.03109765 Lithuanian_SZ
0.03112510 Lithuanian_VZ
0.03325333 Lithuanian_RA
0.03794595 Lithuanian_VA
0.03930145 Lithuanian_PA
0.04012178 Russian_Pskov
0.04042791 Belarusian
0.04285938 Estonian
0.04501479 Russian_Smolensk
0.04803133 Russian_Kaluga
0.04962631 Russian_Orel
0.05027243 Russian_Kursk
0.05069022 Russian_Voronez
0.05080890 Ukrainian_Chernihiv
0.05119714 Russian_Tver
0.05124468 Ukrainian_Sumy
0.05163039 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr
0.05296713 Russian_Yaroslavl
0.05337104 Ukrainian_Rivne
0.05485942 Russian_Ryazan
0.05487073 Russian_Belgorod
0.05503110 Ukrainian_Dnipro
0.05560496 Polish_Kashubian

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:CSB-3.SG ("Sarmatian"?)
0.03168186 Moldovan
0.03558991 Austrian
0.03729367 Hungarian
0.03820434 Romanian
0.03828433 Croatian
0.03877400 Montenegrin
0.03938503 Serbian
0.04022075 French_Alsace
0.04058400 Bosnian
0.04063367 German_Erlangen
0.04088098 French_Seine-Maritime
0.04099876 Slovenian
0.04330564 French_Nord
0.04331185 German
0.04337173 Afrikaner
0.04374615 Bulgarian
0.04388790 Swiss_German
0.04420137 BelgianA
0.04483733 BelgianB
0.04711752 Italian_Northeast
0.04737516 Ukrainian_Zakarpattia
0.04742492 Gagauz
0.04765395 BelgianC
0.04766776 Macedonian
0.04774916 Turkish_Deliorman

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:CSB-3.SG
0.02327259 HungaryMiddleTisza_LSarHunP:RKO003
0.02832952 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF246
0.02931112 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF260
0.02982892 HungaryMiddleTisza_LSarHunP:RKO016

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:SZLA-646.SG
0.02454510 Orcadian
0.02490840 Scottish
0.02611318 English_Cornwall
0.02657370 English
0.02710896 Icelandic
0.02711950 Shetlandic
0.02749224 Danish
0.02769504 Welsh
0.02801846 Irish
0.02873341 Norwegian
0.02917834 Dutch
0.03272015 German_Hamburg
0.03365533 French_Brittany
0.03527334 BelgianA
0.03582488 German
0.03612718 Swedish
0.03932060 Afrikaner
0.03988776 German_East
0.04040168 German_Erlangen
0.04279927 French_Seine-Maritime
0.04428202 BelgianB
0.04594542 French_Nord
0.04712902 BelgianC
0.04802224 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.04830017 French_Alsace

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:SEI-5.SG ("Sarmatian"?)
0.03229230 Moldovan
0.03513942 Austrian
0.03638459 Romanian
0.03711442 Montenegrin
0.03734917 Serbian
0.03886042 Hungarian
0.03925781 Croatian
0.03934863 Bosnian
0.04111292 Bulgarian
0.04167880 French_Alsace
0.04216648 German_Erlangen
0.04280460 Slovenian
0.04382946 Macedonian
0.04393413 French_Nord
0.04399240 French_Seine-Maritime
0.04426477 Afrikaner
0.04494010 Swiss_German
0.04515069 BelgianB
0.04527255 German
0.04596100 Italian_Northeast
0.04615303 Turkish_Deliorman
0.04626536 Gagauz
0.04789056 BelgianA
0.04847531 Ukrainian_Zakarpattia
0.04900820 BelgianC

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:SEI-5.SG
0.02497452 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF246
0.02512726 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF247
0.02525302 HungaryMiddleTisza_LSarHunP:RKO016
0.02588809 HungaryMiddleTisza_LSarHunP:RKO018

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:SEI-6.SG ("Sarmatian"?)
0.02845935 French_Alsace
0.02855600 Swiss_German
0.02933042 French_Nord
0.03026519 BelgianB
0.03041775 Swiss_French
0.03133862 French_Provence
0.03152713 BelgianC
0.03195556 French_Paris
0.03278183 French_Auvergne
0.03283753 Italian_Aosta_Valley
0.03316590 Italian_Northeast
0.03432299 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.03524739 French_Occitanie
0.03559470 Austrian
0.03643845 French_Seine-Maritime
0.03810686 Montenegrin
0.03876867 BelgianA
0.03894307 German_Erlangen
0.03900499 Afrikaner
0.03904650 Romanian
0.03954323 German
0.03989267 Spanish_Penedes
0.04119408 Spanish_Girona
0.04147068 Italian_Friuli_Venezia_Giulia_Sappada
0.04156183 Italian_Trentino_Alto_Adige

Distance to: Hungary_Hun:SEI-6.SG
0.02589903 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF270
0.02690229 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF246
0.02841679 HungaryMiddleTisza_LSarHunP:RKO016
0.02894404 HungaryMiddleTisza_SarmatianPeriod:RKF259

Interestingly, Early Avar CSB-9 sample is on Vyazov's "Slavic" IBD sharing graph.

CSB-9: Grave No. 9 (Early Avar period):
The remains of an adult female were found at a depth of 118 cm. The E-W oriented grave pit was 59-47 cm wide and 211 cm long. Both hands of the deceased rested on the pelvis. An iron buckle was found here, while earrings with a spherical pendant were found around the temporal bone. A fragment of a dished grey ceramic vessel was also recovered from the grave. The burial can be dated to the Early Avar period based on the earrings and the orientation.

[Andar]

Unveiling Hunnic Legacy: Decoding Elite Presence in Poland through a Unique Child's Burial with Modified Cranium

This study presents a double burial from Czulice indicating elements of the Hunnic culture. Individual I, aged 7-9, and Individual II, aged 8-9 with a skull deformation, were both genetically identified as boys. Individual II, who exhibited genetic markers of Asian ancestry, was equipped with gold and silver items. In contrast, Individual I displayed European ancestry. The application of strontium isotope analysis shed light on the origins of the individuals. Individual I was non-local, while Individual II was identified as a local, but also falling within the range commonly associated with the Pannonian Plain. Stable isotope analysis suggested a diet consisting of inland resources. Through radiocarbon dating, this burial was determined to date back to the years 395-418 CE, making it the earliest grave of its kind discovered in Poland. The analyses have provided new insights into the nature of the relationship between the Huns and the local inhabitants.

Distance to: poland_huns:czu001
0.03510637 Norwegian
0.03654482 Danish
0.03667875 Swedish
0.03676891 Icelandic
0.04263559 Irish
0.04297734 Dutch
0.04406862 Scottish
0.04423722 Orcadian
0.04541657 Shetlandic
0.04555471 Welsh
0.04583222 English
0.04721248 English_Cornwall
0.04794601 German_Hamburg
0.04986822 French_Brittany
0.05237936 Afrikaner
0.05280204 German
0.05782225 German_Erlangen
0.05922289 French_Pas-de-Calais
0.06022684 German_East
0.06073925 BelgianA
0.06116635 Czech
0.06136925 BelgianB
0.06358391 Polish_Silesian
0.06409859 Slovakian
0.06434639 Austrian

Target: poland_huns:czu001
Distance: 3.2429% / 0.03242893
41.0 Norwegian
39.8 Icelandic
16.4 Finnish_Southeast
1.6 Spanish_Soria
1.2 Bantu_Kenya

poland_huns:czu001,0.121791,0.133034,0.075801,0.070737,0.042469,0.017012,0.00188,0.011307,0.006749,-0.002369,-0.005196,0.004946,-0.013379,-0.013762,0.021444,0.025722,0.004433,-0.003294,-0.002891,0.008754,0.013102,0.000618,-0.002095,0.019882,-0.001197

Do you also have the Global25 coordinates of the other sample? And what is the Y-DNA of   czu001

[alexfritz]

A Gepid or Herulian boy? (if it is true that the Visigoths and East Goths already showed major shifts at that time). I assume an IBD analysis would rather group him to EastScand then SouthScand.

PS: Maybe a hostage boy of a Germanic elite family at a Hunnic court (see posts below) in Southern Poland, dying together with his Hunnic friend, very interesting find

the odd question is why were both dead and buried at the same age
as i understand the abstract, Ind II "who exhibited genetic markers of Asian ancestry" was buried with gold and silver along with having ACD; a symbol of elitism among the steppe/Hun people and later adopted by its vassals (cf (low-cov) Osijek 5th c.); but neither is mentioned for Ind I; however a constellation in which Ind I was a servant of Ind II and thus buried along is i think hinging on the fact that both were the same age and thus Ind I could not have been much of a servant in such a constellation; hostage is a good call

eitherway Ind I must be from a location non-local to the lower Vistula area and maybe that already qualifies him to the group (?Vandals) of earlier DA119 from Poprad; however given the calCE timerange and the age of both the burial coincides with the times of the Rhinecrossing in 406 CE which was most prob caused by the Huns crossing into the middle Danube area; unless a remnant of groups like Poprad DA119 stayed behind Ind I could be non-local in the sense from Hun subjugations further east and by said time (must fall to Uldin's reign) the Greuthungi, Skiri and Heruli were def already subjugated and made vassals by the Huns

[Orentil]

A Gepid or Herulian boy? (if it is true that the Visigoths and East Goths already showed major shifts at that time). I assume an IBD analysis would rather group him to EastScand then SouthScand.

PS: Maybe a hostage boy of a Germanic elite family at a Hunnic court (see posts below) in Southern Poland, dying together with his Hunnic friend, very interesting find

the odd question is why were both dead and buried at the same age
as i understand the abstract, Ind II "who exhibited genetic markers of Asian ancestry" was buried with gold and silver along with having ACD; a symbol of elitism among the steppe/Hun people and later adopted by its vassals (cf (low-cov) Osijek 5th c.); but neither is mentioned for Ind I; however a constellation in which Ind I was a servant of Ind II and thus buried along is i think hinging on the fact that both were the same age and thus Ind I could not have been much of a servant in such a constellation; hostage is a good call

eitherway Ind I must be from a location non-local to the lower Vistula area and maybe that already qualifies him to the group (?Vandals) of earlier DA119 from Poprad; however given the calCE timerange and the age of both the burial coincides with the times of the Rhinecrossing in 406 CE which was most prob caused by the Huns crossing into the middle Danube area; unless a remnant of groups like Poprad DA119 stayed behind Ind I could be non-local in the sense from Hun subjugations further east and by said time (must fall to Uldin's reign) the Greuthungi, Skiri and Heruli were def already subjugated and made vassals by the Huns

I borrowed me a map (see link below) and added Czulice. Seems that some arrows to the North are missing ;-)
Hunnic onslaught - Barbarzyńskie Tsunami | Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie

[sirdan]

Radko
Do you also have the Global25 coordinates of the other sample? And what is the Y-DNA of   czu001

Both samples have very bad Y chromosome reads. If Ychr is not cut out in corrected versions, then czu001 is I1. It might be close to British Islands

[Radko]

"Ancient DNA reveals networks of Biological relatedness among the Central European societies in the second half of the first millennium" by Denisa Zlamalova (it starts at ~29:00) - https://www.facebook.com/share/v/CKnrhz7zmpNqbY5j/

Some slides...