Stolarek et al: Genetic history of East-Central Europe...

[Strider99]

FamilyTreeDNA has added two Wielbark culture samples from this study with R-Z18 to their Discover tool, samples PCA0531 and  PCA0485.

[Radko]

FamilyTreeDNA has added two Wielbark culture samples from this study with R-Z18 to their Discover tool, samples PCA0531 and  PCA0485.

These samples were already there when I created this spreadsheet a few weeks ago (see 'Data' sheet) - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...ue&sd=true

[leonardo]

FamilyTreeDNA has added two Wielbark culture samples from this study with R-Z18 to their Discover tool, samples PCA0531 and  PCA0485.

These samples were already there when I created this spreadsheet a few weeks ago (see 'Data' sheet) - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...ue&sd=true

So it appears that about 1/2 of the samples are non Gothic, not surprising as most lands are never totally depopulated. Aside from I-M253, what other haplogroups could be considered as having arrived with the Goths?

[Radko]

FamilyTreeDNA has added two Wielbark culture samples from this study with R-Z18 to their Discover tool, samples PCA0531 and  PCA0485.

These samples were already there when I created this spreadsheet a few weeks ago (see 'Data' sheet) - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...ue&sd=true

So it appears that about 1/2 of the samples are non Gothic, not surprising as most lands are never totally depopulated. Aside from I-M253, what other haplogroups could be considered as having arrived with the Goths?

I wouldn't call them non-Gothic or non-Germanic as nearly all samples are clearly Scandinavian-like/Germanic-like.

G-L497 samples...

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Weklice:R11391
0.03890790 Icelandic
0.04157222 Danish
0.04262267 Norwegian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Kowalewko:PCA0015
0.05336708 English_Cornwall
0.05479258 English
0.05621890 Orcadian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Kowalewko:PCA0027
0.03210769 Swedish
0.03772492 German_Hamburg
0.03865952 Norwegian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Kowalewko:PCA0036
0.04374891 Norwegian
0.04438660 Swedish
0.04462843 Danish

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Kowalewko:PCA0062
0.02802380 Swedish
0.02939251 Norwegian
0.03015120 German_Hamburg

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Kowalewko:PCA0063
0.02921649 Danish
0.02949163 Swedish
0.03164527 German_Hamburg
Dista

[Strider99]

In my opinion, some good candidates for lineages that were also brought by the Goths and Gepids are R-Z18, G-Z1823 and N-L550 to name just a few. I haven't looked at the autosomal profiles of the Z18 samples, but regarding the N-L550 and G-Z1832 samples there is little doubt in my mind.

Edit: I wanted to quote Leonardo but it appears I did something wrong

[leonardo]

FamilyTreeDNA has added two Wielbark culture samples from this study with R-Z18 to their Discover tool, samples PCA0531 and  PCA0485.

These samples were already there when I created this spreadsheet a few weeks ago (see 'Data' sheet) - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...ue&sd=true

So it appears that about 1/2 of the samples are non Gothic, not surprising as most lands are never totally depopulated. Aside from I-M253, what other haplogroups could be considered as having arrived with the Goths?

I wouldn't call them non-Gothic or non-Germanic as nearly all samples are clearly Scandinavian-like/Germanic-like.

G-L497 samples...

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Weklice:R11391
0.03890790 Icelandic
0.04157222 Danish
0.04262267 Norwegian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0015
0.05336708 English_Cornwall
0.05479258 English
0.05621890 Orcadian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0027
0.03210769 Swedish
0.03772492 German_Hamburg
0.03865952 Norwegian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0036
0.04374891 Norwegian
0.04438660 Swedish
0.04462843 Danish

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0062
0.02802380 Swedish
0.02939251 Norwegian
0.03015120 German_Hamburg

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0063
0.02921649 Danish
0.02949163 Swedish
0.03164527 German_Hamburg
Dista

I understand this. A few generations can change a person's autosomal admixture. Still, when we think of patriarchal societies - haplogroups are a strong indicator of clans and tribes. We know that M458, Z280 and CTS1211 were most unlikely to have been transported with the Goths. I would think the same for the J and E haplogroup samples. How about G-L497? Would this group have come with the Goths?

[leonardo]

FamilyTreeDNA has added two Wielbark culture samples from this study with R-Z18 to their Discover tool, samples PCA0531 and  PCA0485.

These samples were already there when I created this spreadsheet a few weeks ago (see 'Data' sheet) - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...ue&sd=true

So it appears that about 1/2 of the samples are non Gothic, not surprising as most lands are never totally depopulated. Aside from I-M253, what other haplogroups could be considered as having arrived with the Goths?

I wouldn't call them non-Gothic or non-Germanic as nearly all samples are clearly Scandinavian-like/Germanic-like.

G-L497 samples...

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_Weklice:R11391
0.03890790 Icelandic
0.04157222 Danish
0.04262267 Norwegian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0015
0.05336708 English_Cornwall
0.05479258 English
0.05621890 Orcadian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0027
0.03210769 Swedish
0.03772492 German_Hamburg
0.03865952 Norwegian

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0036
0.04374891 Norwegian
0.04438660 Swedish
0.04462843 Danish

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0062
0.02802380 Swedish
0.02939251 Norwegian
0.03015120 German_Hamburg

Distance to: Wielbark_culture_KowalewkoCA0063
0.02921649 Danish
0.02949163 Swedish
0.03164527 German_Hamburg
Dista

I learned from one of the moderators you can quote two ways: hit "quote," then "reply," (right next to the quote button), OR, hit quote, then go to the open box and click on the red print at the bottom whish says something like "select or de-select quotes." The first way ends getting you multiple quotes, even one you weren't quoting. The other way is more work.

Thanks @Strider99. So, over 1/2 the samples likely came from the Goths.

[Gordius]

The history of hunter-gatherers goes back to pre-glacial times. They were the indigenous people of Europe before the spread of agriculture, who were gradually absorbed into the new farming groups arriving from the Middle East from the 7th millennium BC onwards. The last isolated communities are known to have disappeared from Europe by the beginning of the 4th millennium BC. However, genetic analysis on the Kisapostag associated population has radically extended their - genetic - survival. The analyzed population originates from a largely intact hunter-gatherer source in Eastern Europe prior to their appearance in Transdanubia. It is important to note that a recent, parallel study (Chylenski et al. 2023) also recognised the importance of this genetic component, based on the data from the Eastern European region, but they linked this source to the Baltic region, whereas  present publication points to a previously unknown source in present-day western Ukraine/Moldova.

"By following the genetic traces, we have been able to detect several appearances of this very ancestry from contemporaneous populations and mostly outliers found in Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic States. These results are going to help to resolve a number of archaeological and archaeogenetic discrepancies concerning European prehistory," emphasized Dániel Gerber.

I will provide a fragment of the map, with markings of locations in Eastern Europe, where DNA samples taken dated 3000 BC and earlier, that is, the Stone Age. These maps are a little outdated, since, for example, the new study of Allentoft and others is not marked, but basically the areas of the locations remain approximately the same. And there remains a huge "white spot" in the basins of the middle and upper Dnieper and the western Dvina. If you are looking for the source of these unknown hunters, then most likely it is there. The most likely area is circled in blue. Areas where samples were not taken are circled in green, but archaeologically there was a widespread pit-comb pottery culture, i.e. most likely there were EHG. The territory of Ukrainian Volhynia, eastern Poland and western Belarus is circled in red, there are no finds from there yet, but the Mesolithic Yanislavitse culture (related to Maglemoze) lived there, which disintegrated in the Neolithic period. More than likely WHG. Therefore, the most interesting area is circled in blue.

[ph2ter]

The history of hunter-gatherers goes back to pre-glacial times. They were the indigenous people of Europe before the spread of agriculture, who were gradually absorbed into the new farming groups arriving from the Middle East from the 7th millennium BC onwards. The last isolated communities are known to have disappeared from Europe by the beginning of the 4th millennium BC. However, genetic analysis on the Kisapostag associated population has radically extended their - genetic - survival. The analyzed population originates from a largely intact hunter-gatherer source in Eastern Europe prior to their appearance in Transdanubia. It is important to note that a recent, parallel study (Chylenski et al. 2023) also recognised the importance of this genetic component, based on the data from the Eastern European region, but they linked this source to the Baltic region, whereas  present publication points to a previously unknown source in present-day western Ukraine/Moldova.

"By following the genetic traces, we have been able to detect several appearances of this very ancestry from contemporaneous populations and mostly outliers found in Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic States. These results are going to help to resolve a number of archaeological and archaeogenetic discrepancies concerning European prehistory," emphasized Dániel Gerber.

I will provide a fragment of the map, with markings of locations in Eastern Europe, where DNA samples taken dated 3000 BC and earlier, that is, the Stone Age. These maps are a little outdated, since, for example, the new study of Allentoft and others is not marked, but basically the areas of the locations remain approximately the same. And there remains a huge "white spot" in the basins of the middle and upper Dnieper and the western Dvina. If you are looking for the source of these unknown hunters, then most likely it is there. The most likely area is circled in blue. Areas where samples were not taken are circled in green, but archaeologically there was a widespread pit-comb pottery culture, i.e. most likely there were EHG. The territory of Ukrainian Volhynia, eastern Poland and western Belarus is circled in red, there are no finds from there yet, but the Mesolithic Yanislavitse culture (related to Maglemoze) lived there, which disintegrated in the Neolithic period. More than likely WHG. Therefore, the most interesting area is circled in blue.

According to my analysis the Balto-Slavic drift source population was of HG type.
The reconstructed G25 values for such kind of population are:

Code:

HG_BS,0.145831625,0.122684,0.168049875,0.185132875,0.10856675,0.06414225,0.019495125,0.028456375,0.045458875,-0.0389275,0.008632875,-0.033405375,0.05699425,0.068709125,-0.022232,0.010956,-0.003808625,0.01046775,0.00461775,0.020778125,0.028573125,-0.006343,-0.022430625,-0.11823325,0.008273625

The PCA, Late Neolithic and modern similarity maps of HG_BS:

[Gordius]

According to my analysis the Balto-Slavic drift source population was of HG type.
The reconstructed G25 values for such kind of population are:

Code:

HG_BS,0.145831625,0.122684,0.168049875,0.185132875,0.10856675,0.06414225,0.019495125,0.028456375,0.045458875,-0.0389275,0.008632875,-0.033405375,0.05699425,0.068709125,-0.022232,0.010956,-0.003808625,0.01046775,0.00461775,0.020778125,0.028573125,-0.006343,-0.022430625,-0.11823325,0.008273625

The PCA, Late Neolithic and modern similarity maps of HG_BS:

But why then are the samples from Latvia_BA and Estonia_BA closer to the Ukrainian Neolithic than to your reconstructed sample? (Trzciniec samples also)

[ph2ter]

But why then are the samples from Latvia_BA and Estonia_BA closer to the Ukrainian Neolithic than to your reconstructed sample? (Trzciniec samples also)

HG BS is dominantly WHG population contrary to Ukraine Neolithic which is mixed with EHG and Steppe.

Baltic drift HG source when mixed with Corded Ware Baltic is located close to 'ukraine hg' on the PCA. The samples NEO551 and VO1001 have BS drift and are partially mixed with HG_BS.
(The sizes of the bubbles on PCA are proportional to BS drift)

[Radko]

Introduction

As part of this doctoral dissertation, NGS sequencing of 120 genomes was performed, dating from the Iron Age (n=2), through the Roman period (n=7) and early Middle Ages (n=111) in Poland. Skeletal materials dating from the early Middle Ages included populations representing:
1. "average" inhabitants of Poland in the early Middle Ages - skeleton series: Brześć Kujawski, site 5, Stary Brześć Kujawski, Kolonia, site 3, Piotrów, site 1 (Poddębice commune), Chełmno, station 20 (Dąbie commune), Płock, Ostrowite station 2 (Chojnice commune), Sandomierz sites 1 and 7,
2. residents of the port trading settlement on the island of Wolin: Lubin site 6,
3. The probable military elite of the state of the first Piast dynasty, according to archaeologists' interpretations, came here from the area of Ruthenia (Varangs): Lutomiersk site 1.
In addition, the analysis included skeletons representing populations inhabiting the territory of modern Poland in earlier archaeological periods: representatives of the Wielbark culture from the Roman period (1st-4th century AD, Weklice site 7, Elbląg commune) and the Lusatian culture from the early Iron Age (8th-5th century BC) (sites Kałdus in the Chełmno district and Boguszewo in the Grudziądz district in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship). The inclusion of these populations was an attempt to answer the question about the history of the settlement of the lands of today's Poland.

Material and methods

The bone material for the study consisted mainly of cochlea elements, tooth roots and auditory ossicles. Isolation of aDNA and preparation of NGS libraries were performed in the aDNA clean-room (LaDNA) laboratory of the Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, and the final stages of normalization and NGS sequencing were carried out in the Biobank Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz. In the case of individuals from the Lutomiersk site, all stages of work with bone material were performed at the Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia. The genetic material obtained was used in genome analysis based on a set of classic methods used in aDNA research, i.e. PCA (principal component analysis) and F-statistics (F3 and F4). New methods were also used, which are now part of the canon of aDNA research, i.e. the assessment of genetic similarity of populations/individuals based on the IBS (identity by state) distance with the UMAP (uniform approximation and projection) projection. Comparative analyzes mainly included populations from the Viking period from Europe (n=15), which are the largest available data set with a similar chronology to the early medieval population from Poland. Based on the obtained results, an attempt was made to assess the genetic diversity of the Polish population in the early Middle Ages, including comparisons within and outside the population.

Results

The conducted analysis was based on 111 individuals from the Polish population from the early Middle Ages, individuals representing the Lusatian culture (n=2) and the Roman period (n=7). The conducted analysis showed a significant diversity of the Polish population, taking into account all the analyzed archaeological sites from the early Middle Ages (excluding Lutomiersk), however, the observed inter-population differences are subtle. The obtained result is consistent with the observations of anthropologists, which showed a small inter-population craniometric differentiation of early medieval Slavic groups from Poland. The distinguished reference group, including local populations from the sites of Brześć Kujawski site 5 and Stary Brześć Kolonia site 3, may therefore be a representative group in the descriptions of genetic variability of the inhabitants of Poland in the early Middle Ages. Individuals from the necropolis in Lutomiersk, site 1, show significant internal genetic diversity. In addition, the Lutomiersk group differs significantly from the genetic image of groups representing the indigenous population of early medieval Poland. The research allowed to distinguish in the population of Lutomiersk three groups representing people of autochthonous (59%), allochthonous (29%) and "mixed/hybrid" two previous components (12%). Individual analysis of representatives of this group showed genetic similarity to Viking groups from England (England_Viking) and in the case of two - to a group from Russia (Russia_Viking). The genetic similarity of some representatives of the population from Lutomiersk to the group of "Polish Vikings" (Polish_Viking), including the late Viking, elite Varangian necropolis in Bodzia in Kujawy, was also demonstrated. Additional analyzes including individuals representing populations from earlier periods showed no significant change in time from the Early Iron Age. However, this result should be treated as preliminary, requiring in the future the inclusion of more data (nuclear genomes) on the genetic diversity of populations preceding the early Middle Ages.

Conclusions

The obtained results confirmed to a large extent the low diversity of the population from the early Middle Ages described by anthropologists based on the morphological features of the skeleton. However, the use of full-genomic data (in low resolution) and the use of modern methods of bioinformatics analysis allowed to obtain a much more detailed picture of the diversity of human populations from that period, both between groups and more subtle intra[1]group differences, and to explain its sources. The most important result of the work is the recognition on a larger scale of the infiltration of the population of the state of the first Piast dynasty by human groups originating from Scandinavia, taking part in the formation of the elites of the early Polish state. Another is the assessment of the degree of differentiation of "autochthonous" populations from this period, indicating the representativeness of the numerous series from Kujawy in the analyses of ethnogenetic phenomena in a wider, supra[1]regional perspective. An important third result of this work, although still of a preliminary nature due to individual data, is the demonstration of the lack of grounds for inferring the discontinuation of the settlement of the area of today's Poland between the beginning of the Iron Age and the early Middle Ages.

https://www.biol.uni.lodz.pl/fileadmin/W...czenie.pdf

[Radko]

105x R-M458, R-Z280 and I-Y3120 samples from Medieval Poland - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...ue&sd=true

[Radko]

[Radko]

^^ AFAIK, another 30 or so Medieval samples under "Slavic" R-M458, R-Z280 and I-Y3120 from Poland are coming very soon.