Decoding values of G25 coordinates

[Russki]

1 positive: Atlantic-Baltic
1 negative: Sub-Saharan African

2 positive: West Med
2 negative: East Asian

3 positive: Mesolithic European
3 negative: South Asian

4 positive: Mesolithic Eurasian
4 negative: East Med

5 positive: Paleolithic Eurasian
5 negative: East Eurasian

6 positive: East Eurasian
6 negative: Oceanian

7 positive: Pygmy
7 negative: Amerindian

8 positive: East Asian
8 negative: Amerindian

9 positive: Northeast African
9 negative: West Asian

10 positive: West Med
10 negative: Mesolithic Eurasian

11 positive: Northeast Asian
11 negative: East Eurasian

12 positive: East Asian
12 negative: Red Sea

13 positive: Red Sea
13 negative: Caucasus

14 positive: Baltic
14 negative: East Asian

15 positive: Paleolithic Eurasian
15 negative: West Med

16 positive: South Asian
16 negative: Caucasus

17 positive: West Med
17 negative: South Asian

18 positive: Khoisan
18 negative: Paleolithic Eurasian

19 positive: East Asian
19 negative: North African

20 positive: West Asian
20 negative: South Asian

21 positive: Mesolithic European
21 negative: East Asian

22 positive: Mesolithic Eurasian
22 negative: North African

23 positive: Western Non-African
23 negative: Eastern Non-African

24 positive: Mesolithic Eurasian
24 negative: Mesolithic European

25 positive: East Eurasian
25 negative: Maori

The first 5 values is the bulk of what Europeans score, the next 20 are close to zero. For all Europeans the sum of all values is always positive (above zero). The sum of all values never reaches 1 or -1.

Many have wondered why people with similar Yamnaya/ENF/WHG proportions can have a very large distance to each other, up to 0.07 in some cases. Some were more drifted from that Yamnaya/ENF/WHG calculator, some were less. The higher distance you have on the Yamnaya/ENF/WHG calculator, the higher Baltic drift you have. It happens due to scattering of the same components into different positions in a chain.



The pairings are:
8 and 21 with more East Asian for drifted, 12 with less East Asian for drifted.
9 with more West Asian for drifted, 20 with less West Asian for drifted.
10 with less West Med for drifted, 15 with more West Med for drifted.
10 with more Mesolithic Eurasian for drifted, 22 with less Mesolithic Eurasian for drifted.
13 with less Caucasus for drifted, 16 with more Caucasus for drifted.
15 with less Paleolithic Eurasian for drifted, 18 with more Paleolithic Eurasian for drifted.
16 with less South Asian for drifted, 20 with more South Asian for drifted.

^ This is how the «Baltic drift» is coded in G25.



G25 component test - check your own G25 coordinates

You can use the following options in Vahaduo for a simplified view:

Reduce - 5 populations
Aggregate - yes

Code:

Atlantic-Baltic,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Sub-Saharan_African,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
West_Med,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Mesolithic_European,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
South_Asian,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Mesolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Med,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Paleolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Oceanian,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Pygmy,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Amerindian,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Amerindian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Northeast_African,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
West_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
West_Med,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Mesolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Northeast_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Red_Sea,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Red_Sea,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Caucasus,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Baltic,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Paleolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
West_Med,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
South_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Caucasus,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
West_Med,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
South_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Khoisan,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Paleolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
North_African,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0
West_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0
South_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0
Mesolithic_European,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0
Mesolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0
North_African,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0
Western_Non-African,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0
Eastern_Non-African,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0
Mesolithic_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0
Mesolithic_European,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0
East_Eurasian,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1
Maori,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1

[ph2ter]

Now, explain what is the meaning of this:

Target: ph2ter_scaled
Distance: 2.9302% / 0.02930174 | R5P
33.0 West_Med
25.6 Mesolithic_Eurasian
15.6 Mesolithic_European
13.4 Atlantic-Baltic
12.4 Paleolithic_Eurasian

[Russki]

Now, explain what is the meaning of this:

Target: ph2ter_scaled
Distance: 2.9302% / 0.02930174 | R5P
33.0 West_Med
25.6 Mesolithic_Eurasian
15.6 Mesolithic_European
13.4 Atlantic-Baltic
12.4 Paleolithic_Eurasian

Your G25 coordinates is a chain of 25 numbers (values) separated by commas (,).

Each of those 25 values can be positive (above 0) or negative (below 0).

Each of those 25 values is always <1 and >-1.

Let's start with the first value (1/25). We will attempt to find out how 1/25 is distributed among various populations, which have more of it, which have less. To find out which populations have the highest positive and negative values at 1/25, we will create artificial coordinates based on the upper limits in both directions (1 and -1):

Code:

First_Positive,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
First_Negative,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

And check distances to all global populations:



"First Positive" peaks among North-Central Europeans in a global run, while "First Negative" peaks among Sub-Saharan African populations.

Based on these results, I gave 1/25 the following labels for convenience:

Code:

Atlantic-Baltic,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Sub-Saharan_African,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

Next step is to find out how 2/25 is distributed among various populations: which have more, which have less.

Code:

Second_Positive,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Second_Negative,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

Based on observable patterns, we can apply the labels "West_Med" and "East_Asian" for our convenience:

Code:

West_Med,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
East_Asian,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

I repeated this procedure for all 25 values in a chain. For the first half it was easy to notice patterns of distribution and give conventional labels to them, but the closer I approached the end, the more difficult these patterns started to become, and for many of them it took me quite a while to notice some kind of pattern.

A vague label such as "Paleolithic Eurasian" means that this component is distributed basically among all non-SSA populations: Eurasians and offshots of Eurasians (Amerindians/Oceanians).

Interesting aspect is that 25 positions in a chain have different proportional weight: some of them represent "the bulk" of autosomal admixture, while some represent very specific and minor admixtures/drifts, and their values are always small for all global populations.

[ph2ter]

OK, but how to interpret 5 populations test?
What does it show?

[Russki]

OK, but how to interpret 5 populations test?
What does it show?

It demonstrates "pure components" which were designed by the author of G25, David Wesolowski.

[Capsian20]

Target: WGS_scaled
Distance: 0.3106% / 0.00310610
18.8 West_Med
10.0 North_African
8.2 Paleolithic_Eurasian
8.0 East_Med
7.6 Northeast_African
6.8 Sub-Saharan_African
6.6 East_Asian
4.8 Red_Sea
4.6 Amerindian
4.6 Oceanian
3.6 East_Eurasian
3.2 Western_Non-African
2.4 South_Asian
2.0 Northeast_Asian
2.0 West_Asian
1.8 Mesolithic_European
1.6 Caucasus
1.2 Mesolithic_Eurasian
1.0 Baltic
0.6 Maori
0.4 Khoisan
0.2 Pygmy

Target: WGS_scaled
Distance: 10.1046% / 0.10104575 | R5P
42.2 West_Med
32.6 Paleolithic_Eurasian
9.6 North_African
8.0 East_Med
7.6 Northeast_African

[Albruic]

I don't get it... 

Target: Albruic
Distance: 2.3155% / 0.02315503 | R5P
45.6 West_Med
35.2 Paleolithic_Eurasian
10.4 Atlantic-Baltic
4.8 Amerindian
4.0 Mesolithic_European

So this can be seen as Anatolian Farmer, Yamnaya, WHG, Amerindian, and something else? This is the only corelation I could think of

[Russki]

I don't get it... 

Target: Albruic
Distance: 2.3155% / 0.02315503 | R5P
45.6 West_Med
35.2 Paleolithic_Eurasian
10.4 Atlantic-Baltic
4.8 Amerindian
4.0 Mesolithic_European

So this can be seen as Anatolian Farmer, Yamnaya, WHG, Amerindian, and something else? This is the only corelation I could think of

It has nothing to do with Anatolian Farmers at all, actually. Compare these coordinates:

Code:

West_Med,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Turkey_Barcin_LN.SG,0.112685,0.182795,0.010936,-0.10013,0.055087,-0.046854,-0.00235,-0.002769,0.046836,0.081642,0.008607,0.010191,-0.015758,0.006193,-0.040173,-0.020021,0.00352,0.000507,0.011816,-0.014132,-0.008735,0.006306,-0.010969,-0.00494,-0.00467

1-dimensional code and a 25-dimensional code.

Anatolian Farmers are just a population which lived 8000-13500 years ago. If God created Earth 13500 years ago and spawned Anatolian Farmers on it, you could represent them as a 1-dimensional code easily, and their coordinates in a G25 format would look like 24 zeroes (0) with one absolute value (1 or -1).

But in real life Anatolian Farmers derive most of their ancestry from the Anatolian Hunter-Gatherers, with minor gene flow from Iranian/Caucasus and Levantine sources. Anatolian Hunter-Gatherers descend from two distinct lineages with an admixture event in late Pleistocene. One of these lineages is a WHG-like population (Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic and Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic) and another one is some unknown Natufian-like lineage.

WHG-like and EHG-like populations were descended from Paleolithic populations like Belgium_UP_Goyet, Belgium_UP_Magdalenian, Czech_Vestonice, Russia_Sunghir, Russia_Kostenki, Austria_Krems, Romania_PesteraMuierii, Romania_Oase_UP, Italy_South_HG_Ostuni1, Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene.

And these Paleolithic humans descend from archaic Hominid species which are not covered in G25 at all.

No matter how far back you look towards ancient populations, their coordinates in a G25 format are represented by a 25-dimensional code, and this 25-dimensional code was created by the author of G25.

Here we observe these 25 dimensions separately, and give them conventional labels for our own comprehension.

These conventional labels do not fully correspond to how we classify modern human populations. For example, Six Negative is an Oceanian code:

Code:

Six_Negative,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

But modern Oceanian populations do not score overwhelmingly Oceanian in G25 because it's coded as "too extreme" for them, and they will score as a mixture of Oceanian and Eurasian instead.

The reason why this unique Oceanian code (Six Negative) is made "too extreme" for modern Oceanians is for reducing genetic distances: if modern Oceanians score as a mixture of Oceanian and Eurasian numerical codes in G25, their distance to Eurasians and other global populations will be lower than if they score close to 100% Oceanian.

How big these genetic distances between various populations should be is designed by the creator of G25. It is presumably based on scientific studies where genetic distances between global populations are given some kind of estimates and numerical evaluations.

[Russki]

To avoid confusion with historical populations, I decided to rename three dimensions:

"Mesolithic_European" will now be known as "Northwestern_Eurasian";

"Mesolithic_Eurasian" will now be known as "Northern_Eurasian";

"Paleolithic_Eurasian" will now be known as "Non-African".



Scaled coordinates:

https://pastebin.com/EuXBA5jA