Penske et al: Early contact between late farming and pastoralist societies in SEE

[rafc]

Early contact between late farming and pastoralist societies in southeastern Europe
Sandra Penske, Adam B. Rohrlach, Ainash Childebayeva, Guido Gnecchi-Ruscone, Clemens Schmid, Maria A. Spyrou, Gunnar U. Neumann, Nadezhda Atanassova, Katrin Beutler, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Igor Bruyako, Alexander Chohadzhiev, Blagoje Govedarica, Mehmet Karaucak, Raiko Krauss, Maleen Leppek, Igor Manzura, Karen Privat, Shawn Ross, Vladimir Slavchev, Adéla Sobotkova, Meda Toderaş, Todor Valchev, Harald Ringbauer, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Svend Hansen, Johannes Krause; Wolfgang Haak

Abstract
Archaeogenetic studies have described two main genetic turnover events in prehistoric western Eurasia: one associated with the spread of farming and a sedentary lifestyle starting around 7000–6000 BC (refs. 1,2,3) and a second with the expansion of pastoralist groups from the Eurasian steppes starting around 3300 BC (refs. 4,5). The period between these events saw new economies emerging on the basis of key innovations, including metallurgy, wheel and wagon and horse domestication6,7,8,9. However, what happened between the demise of the Copper Age settlements around 4250 BC and the expansion of pastoralists remains poorly understood. To address this question, we analysed genome-wide data from 135 ancient individuals from the contact zone between southeastern Europe and the northwestern Black Sea region spanning this critical time period. While we observe genetic continuity between Neolithic and Copper Age groups from major sites in the same region, from around 4500 BC on, groups from the northwestern Black Sea region carried varying amounts of mixed ancestries derived from Copper Age groups and those from the forest/steppe zones, indicating genetic and cultural contact over a period of around 1,000 years earlier than anticipated. We propose that the transfer of critical innovations between farmers and transitional foragers/herders from different ecogeographic zones during this early contact was integral to the formation, rise and expansion of pastoralist groups around 3300 BC.

Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06334-8.pdf
Supplementary material: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-0...34-8#Sec25
BAM files: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB62503

[corrigendum]

G25:

Code:

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BGR_Varna_En:VAR027__BC_4567__Cov_55.11%,0.127482,0.165531,0.018102,-0.064923,0.053548,-0.023427,-0.001645,-0.002077,0.039269,0.063236,0.00747,0.010041,-0.016501,-0.000413,-0.025515,-0.003182,-0.00013,0.004687,0.008296,-0.005753,-0.006114,-0.009521,-0.007272,-0.020123,-0.000718
BGR_Varna_En:VAR030__BC_4458__Cov_42.34%,0.122929,0.176702,0.008297,-0.069445,0.054472,-0.038487,0.005875,-0.011076,0.02577,0.061596,0.004384,0.016335,-0.015758,-0.002202,-0.02253,-0.007425,0.014081,-0.00114,0.016089,-0.002751,0.003244,0.010016,-0.005053,-0.013978,-0.00455
BGR_Varna_En:VAR032__BC_4477__Cov_59.00%,0.121791,0.171624,0.023004,-0.059109,0.052625,-0.030678,-0.004935,0.000923,0.043564,0.06925,0.008769,0.012289,-0.012487,0.002477,-0.020087,-0.020684,-0.002086,0.008868,0.008547,-0.004627,-0.005241,-0.001113,-0.008504,-0.010122,-0.00491
BGR_Varna_En:VAR033__BC_4631__Cov_52.49%,0.112685,0.17264,0.020365,-0.068476,0.056318,-0.033746,-0.00329,0.002769,0.031906,0.07417,0.003248,0.009741,-0.020069,-0.003578,-0.027144,-0.014187,0.021905,0.007855,0.013952,-0.004627,-0.006364,0.008285,-0.008627,-0.004097,-0.002874
BGR_Varna_En:VAR034__BC_4591__Cov_30.02%,0.126344,0.168578,0.016216,-0.059755,0.054164,-0.034025,-0.004465,-0.003461,0.020248,0.063783,0.000325,0.011839,-0.023488,-0.011147,-0.028366,0.01843,0.026338,0.007348,0.009553,-0.007504,-0.00574,0.001607,-0.002711,-0.008555,-0.002155
BGR_Yamnaya_EBA:BOY001__BC_2787__Cov_34.10%,0.117238,0.091398,0.04714,0.109498,-0.021235,0.040439,0.001175,0.000923,-0.043973,-0.065241,-0.00065,-0.002698,-0.004906,-0.028075,0.035559,0.01074,-0.01004,-0.010008,0.003142,0.005878,0.000873,0.004946,0.00493,0.015062,-0.011137
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN033__BC_3124__Cov_31.03%,0.127482,0.169593,0.025267,-0.03876,0.061242,-0.02761,0.001175,0.000923,0.028224,0.064329,0.01429,0.012589,-0.012487,0.004129,-0.022937,-0.007027,-0.009127,0.003927,0.015084,-0.005378,0.001622,-0.002226,-0.007395,-0.023256,0.005748
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN034__BC_2833__Cov_14.52%,0.110408,0.159438,0.029415,-0.049742,0.064935,-0.03514,0.005405,0.006,0.044382,0.067245,0.004709,0.010641,-0.015758,0.006468,-0.037459,-0.014054,0.00339,0.007855,0.007039,-0.008879,0.004492,0.003339,-0.00912,-0.018557,-0.005508
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN035__date_unknown__Cov_29.51%,0.117238,0.177718,0.029415,-0.042636,0.049855,-0.019243,0.00235,0.003231,0.039064,0.05376,0.001786,0.008093,-0.013379,0.007294,-0.018187,-0.014452,0.000522,0.001014,0.007793,-0.008004,-0.004866,0.005812,-0.00419,-0.013737,-0.00455
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN036__BC_2760__Cov_38.12%,0.1161,0.1635,0.026021,-0.037145,0.056626,-0.028726,-0.005405,0.003461,0.031088,0.055218,0.005034,0.006594,-0.010555,0.007156,-0.014522,-0.010342,-0.004563,0.004561,0.000628,-0.002126,-0.010107,0.003091,-0.002342,-0.010001,-0.006466
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN037__date_unknown__Cov_40.06%,0.127482,0.152329,0.038843,-0.027132,0.044931,-0.017291,-0.001645,-0.003,0.033951,0.054489,0.010718,0.013188,-0.020367,-0.002752,-0.020222,0.011138,0.028163,0.001394,0.002137,-0.001501,0.000624,0.006059,-0.002342,-0.028076,-0.003832
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN038.trim2__BC_2838__Cov_50.60%,0.129758,0.160454,0.022627,-0.037145,0.058165,-0.029841,-0.00188,-0.004846,0.024952,0.053213,0.006333,0.007044,-0.005798,0.005643,-0.032573,-0.006497,0.017471,-0.002534,0.002891,-0.008254,-0.002745,0.005564,-0.008381,-0.019641,0.005389
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN038.Ymerged__BC_2838__Cov_50.60%,0.129758,0.162485,0.023004,-0.039406,0.055703,-0.030678,-0.00235,-0.004154,0.026997,0.056493,0.005846,0.009591,-0.007433,0.007569,-0.031623,-0.006099,0.015125,-0.000253,0.00264,-0.007003,-0.003119,0.00643,-0.005546,-0.020123,0.002754
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN039__BC_2799__Cov_34.98%,0.120652,0.167562,0.030547,-0.04522,0.060627,-0.02259,-0.004465,-0.000231,0.033542,0.054671,0.008607,0.01079,-0.016947,0.005918,-0.032301,0.003447,0.016428,-0.002154,0.006159,-0.000375,0.00287,0.02065,-0.003328,-0.017352,-0.007424
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN041__BC_2758__Cov_68.66%,0.130897,0.138112,0.04186,0.030039,0.018773,0.011156,0.004465,0.005538,-0.022293,-0.007107,-0.005521,0.007343,-0.009663,-0.009496,-0.005972,0.002387,0.02373,-0.001774,0.002891,0.004752,-0.007861,0.001607,0.002588,0.011929,-0.000359
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN042__BC_2780__Cov_64.91%,0.118376,0.170609,0.030924,-0.042636,0.06432,-0.01757,-0.00094,-0.001385,0.03436,0.056675,0.006333,0.004496,-0.01115,0.015001,-0.033794,0.00411,0.012126,0,0.00993,-0.005127,0.002496,-0.002349,-0.004314,-0.032053,-0.000239
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN043__BC_2757__Cov_71.68%,0.121791,0.171624,0.020742,-0.052326,0.050163,-0.035977,0.000705,-0.003231,0.03027,0.064147,0.007795,0.007044,-0.013231,-0.00578,-0.023887,-0.000133,0.019949,-0.005828,0.011439,-0.002376,-0.007612,-0.000866,-0.009244,-0.01699,-0.001557
BGR_Yunatsite_EBA:YUN045__BC_2896__Cov_32.65%,0.121791,0.169593,0.009051,-0.049742,0.055703,-0.017291,0.00141,-0.005077,0.036201,0.054489,0.002761,0.008992,-0.015758,0.006055,-0.02158,-0.001856,0.008084,0.001267,0.011187,0.002126,-0.000998,0.006801,-0.002588,-0.030125,-0.006227
ROU_Dudeşti_N:PIE039__BC_5225__Cov_26.40%,0.125205,0.182795,0.013576,-0.075905,0.048009,-0.043228,0.00611,0.00923,0.02168,0.071072,0.00747,0.014237,-0.020069,0.006744,-0.044381,-0.021877,0.01356,-0.002914,0.008799,-0.006253,-0.007112,0.004699,-0.00493,-0.004579,-0.007903
ROU_Gumelnița_EBA:PIE078__BC_3180__Cov_27.20%,0.117238,0.160454,0.041106,-0.036499,0.069551,-0.025937,0.009165,-0.005769,0.031497,0.050297,-0.001949,0.008692,-0.016501,-0.000138,-0.017101,0.016574,0.037159,0.003041,0.010684,-0.004877,0.004866,0.004081,-0.00986,-0.017954,-0.004431
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE003__BC_4419__Cov_41.55%,0.124067,0.178733,0.02225,-0.075259,0.053241,-0.031515,0.00047,-0.006692,0.037019,0.069796,0.002273,0.01094,-0.020664,-0.007844,-0.034609,-0.01127,0.01369,0.005954,0.00352,-0.00988,-0.019715,0.009274,0.000123,-0.000843,-0.004191
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE004__BC_4622__Cov_63.81%,0.126344,0.176702,0.006788,-0.081396,0.053548,-0.034861,0.006815,0.003,0.027202,0.070708,0.003573,0.016186,-0.015907,0.001927,-0.031351,-0.005834,0.020861,0.002787,0.010559,0.001,-0.013975,0.004328,-0.008134,-0.000843,-0.010298
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE004__BC_4622__Cov_63.81%,0.127482,0.174671,0.007542,-0.083011,0.053241,-0.035698,0.00564,0.003461,0.031292,0.070525,0.005846,0.017834,-0.013974,0.003853,-0.032573,-0.005569,0.019166,0.003927,0.010684,0.001,-0.012104,0.00507,-0.004314,-0.001325,-0.010059
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE005__BC_4531__Cov_52.17%,0.118376,0.177718,0.000754,-0.075905,0.037545,-0.031236,-0.00658,0.000692,0.031906,0.074352,0.00747,0.007643,-0.012933,0.000963,-0.029994,-0.003182,0.013951,-0.00076,0.008799,-0.01088,-0.00287,0.012118,-0.005423,-0.013014,-0.010298
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE006__BC_4492__Cov_29.90%,0.130897,0.179749,0.016216,-0.070414,0.056934,-0.026774,-0.007755,0.000462,0.031088,0.073988,0.004547,0.014387,-0.030624,-0.010184,-0.039087,0.010077,0.037811,0.008615,0.014832,-0.002001,-0.013227,0.008161,-0.001232,-0.010724,-0.001557
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE008__BC_4422__Cov_57.50%,0.126344,0.173656,-0.000377,-0.070091,0.048932,-0.037092,-0.00235,-0.001615,0.030474,0.075081,0.008444,0.012589,-0.010852,0.008945,-0.032166,-0.023203,0.002347,0.002914,0.007542,-0.017133,-0.013102,0.008408,0.00037,-0.006748,-0.000958
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE012__BC_4551__Cov_38.39%,0.122929,0.167562,0.010182,-0.066215,0.069551,-0.048248,-0.00376,0.001385,0.023725,0.068885,0.008769,0.014837,-0.024678,-0.004542,-0.034609,-0.001061,0.032726,-0.001394,0.007542,-0.01063,-0.005615,0.010387,-0.001232,0.000964,-0.0097
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE013__BC_4449__Cov_35.11%,0.133173,0.168578,0.012822,-0.085272,0.045855,-0.037371,0.00047,-0.01523,0.029656,0.074352,0.008119,0.008093,-0.018434,-0.014588,-0.045059,-0.006497,0.021122,0.002407,0.006662,-0.009004,-0.011979,0.001978,-0.000123,-0.004458,0.002275
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE014__BC_4455__Cov_36.86%,0.127482,0.182795,0.004903,-0.078166,0.054472,-0.040718,-0.00658,-0.002538,0.029042,0.077268,0.006658,0.013338,-0.020961,-0.006331,-0.04153,0.004243,0.031944,0.009122,0.007542,-0.013006,-0.014225,0.004328,-0.008011,-0.004458,0.000838
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE015.trim2__BC_4533__Cov_55.04%,0.122929,0.177718,-0.001886,-0.079135,0.053856,-0.03514,-0.00329,-0.002769,0.016975,0.071983,-0.000812,0.015586,-0.027948,0.004129,-0.031487,-0.011535,0.018515,0.003294,0.012067,-0.00963,-0.009982,0.009645,-0.006655,-0.003133,-0.005987
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE015.Ymerged__BC_4533__Cov_55.04%,0.124067,0.180764,0.001131,-0.077197,0.053856,-0.033467,-0.003525,-0.003231,0.018407,0.073259,-0.000812,0.013788,-0.029732,0.000275,-0.028908,-0.013392,0.020601,0.004307,0.012696,-0.009505,-0.015348,0.00779,-0.008751,-0.005784,-0.001796
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE017__BC_4622__Cov_57.23%,0.125205,0.178733,0.018102,-0.072352,0.054779,-0.03765,-0.008225,-0.004846,0.037428,0.07253,0.009743,0.005245,-0.022448,0.001789,-0.035287,-0.000663,0.026598,-0.000127,0.006159,-0.002251,-0.009109,-0.005812,0.006286,-0.011809,-0.009221
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE019__date_unknown__Cov_36.60%,0.113823,0.173656,0.007542,-0.076551,0.045239,-0.03012,0.003995,-0.01523,0.030065,0.071437,-0.001624,0.013038,-0.019921,0.003303,-0.043159,0.003182,0.033378,0.005954,0.009804,-0.001751,-0.003619,0.014715,0.000986,-0.003494,-0.009221
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE023.trim2__BC_4525__Cov_65.28%,0.119514,0.17264,0.02225,-0.081719,0.048317,-0.041834,-0.006815,0.002077,0.036201,0.076357,0.005684,0.010191,-0.015312,0.007294,-0.029723,-0.020021,-0.002477,0.007348,0.00905,-0.014507,-0.012353,0.00272,-0.001972,-0.008314,-0.002994
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE023.Ymerged__BC_4525__Cov_65.28%,0.121791,0.170609,0.021873,-0.076551,0.048624,-0.040718,-0.00705,0.001846,0.034769,0.075446,0.00341,0.005995,-0.014866,0.005092,-0.03203,-0.020684,-0.002868,0.006461,0.01081,-0.014257,-0.014724,0.003833,-0.002711,-0.011206,-0.001437
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE025__BC_4517__Cov_23.19%,0.119514,0.173656,0.014331,-0.067184,0.044931,-0.02761,-0.00094,-0.006,0.033133,0.077633,0.011854,0.012589,-0.029732,-0.00289,-0.039087,-0.006099,0.022165,0.003041,-0.002891,-0.014757,-0.002246,0.014838,-0.002835,-0.006627,-0.001796
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE028.trim2__BC_4425__Cov_55.17%,0.124067,0.17264,0.012445,-0.079781,0.061858,-0.030678,-0.004465,-0.004615,0.035996,0.065787,0.00747,0.013338,-0.019326,-0.003991,-0.032301,-0.013126,0.002217,0.00114,0.011941,-0.012131,-0.010731,0.010387,-0.007148,-0.008796,0.000599
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE028.Ymerged__BC_4425__Cov_55.17%,0.122929,0.169593,0.010182,-0.078489,0.060934,-0.031236,-0.006815,-0.001385,0.037837,0.067427,0.00682,0.013038,-0.01888,-0.000963,-0.028366,-0.013259,-0.000261,0.002407,0.010307,-0.014632,-0.009982,0.008408,-0.004314,-0.011568,-0.00491
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE029__BC_4530__Cov_29.68%,0.118376,0.167562,0.006034,-0.078166,0.056626,-0.052431,0.001175,0.001846,0.02986,0.070343,0.011367,0.007044,-0.011298,0.004404,-0.038137,-0.025722,0.002477,0.005321,0.00817,-0.015257,-0.011979,0.003833,-0.001725,-0.012652,-0.006227
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE033.trim2__BC_4588__Cov_61.03%,0.124067,0.174671,0.008297,-0.085918,0.054164,-0.035977,0.001175,-0.003692,0.030679,0.078908,0.001137,0.015137,-0.017542,0.000275,-0.039902,-0.008088,0.015255,0.004054,0.009679,-0.014507,-0.014724,-0.00272,-0.005053,0.005784,-0.006227
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE033.Ymerged__BC_4588__Cov_61.03%,0.126344,0.174671,0.007542,-0.08398,0.056934,-0.034582,-0.002585,-0.005538,0.030679,0.079819,0.002598,0.01109,-0.018434,0.00055,-0.041395,-0.008221,0.016298,0.003674,0.00817,-0.012131,-0.017844,-0.00136,-0.004437,0.004458,-0.004311
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE034__BC_4591__Cov_56.58%,0.124067,0.169593,0.01697,-0.09044,0.059396,-0.027052,-0.00658,0.000231,0.041723,0.078726,0.007307,0.013338,-0.01665,-0.00055,-0.03108,-0.015115,0.010561,0.006714,0.015964,-0.013381,-0.011105,0.000618,-0.00456,0.003976,-0.00479
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE035__BC_4532__Cov_26.43%,0.132035,0.187873,0.010559,-0.070737,0.056934,-0.039324,-0.00094,-0.005077,0.033542,0.075081,0.006496,0.017684,-0.018434,-0.003716,-0.02253,-0.01127,0.020861,0.007348,0.009427,0.001,-0.011605,0.002102,-0.009367,-0.001687,0.003832
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE037.trim2__BC_4297__Cov_52.65%,0.129758,0.157407,0.017348,-0.066215,0.056626,-0.036814,-0.003995,-0.005307,0.035996,0.064512,0.001949,0.006594,-0.019475,-0.006744,-0.038002,-0.000133,0.026077,0.000887,0.010433,-0.003252,-0.010482,0.004946,-0.017624,-0.016267,-0.001916
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE037.Ymerged__BC_4297__Cov_52.65%,0.133173,0.156392,0.017725,-0.064923,0.059396,-0.039881,-0.0047,-0.005769,0.03661,0.063965,0.003897,0.007793,-0.019623,-0.008808,-0.037866,0.001591,0.026077,0.000507,0.010936,-0.005503,-0.006738,0.005812,-0.020459,-0.015303,-0.003113
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE038__BC_4568__Cov_68.07%,0.1161,0.174671,0.014331,-0.08075,0.055087,-0.036535,-0.00752,-0.002538,0.033951,0.074899,0.00682,0.015736,-0.019177,0.000275,-0.034066,-0.010077,0.028424,0.006208,0.011187,-0.008629,-0.010731,0.00272,-0.003944,-0.01458,-0.00455
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE041__BC_4534__Cov_62.93%,0.133173,0.19092,0.028284,-0.068476,0.064012,-0.035698,0.00047,-0.000692,0.028224,0.071801,0.007145,0.005095,-0.017393,0.012111,-0.031487,-0.006497,0.013169,0.005954,0.005154,-0.01038,-0.000374,0.0115,-0.008997,-0.007712,0.000958
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE043__BC_4890__Cov_19.82%,0.122929,0.175687,0.010182,-0.070414,0.05878,-0.03765,-0.004935,0.002077,0.037837,0.069067,0.008444,0.008692,-0.006987,-0.000413,-0.035966,0.006099,0.032335,0.004181,0.010056,5e-04,-0.017968,-0.004204,-0.013311,-0.009037,0.011735
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE048__BC_4585__Cov_20.84%,0.114961,0.176702,0.024513,-0.072352,0.052317,-0.045738,0.003995,-0.006231,0.039269,0.073806,0.00341,0.008692,-0.019623,0.004266,-0.028094,-0.019623,-0.005215,0.004941,0.013324,-0.02176,-0.008111,0.010881,-0.007641,-0.007471,-0.003832
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE050.trim2__BC_4490__Cov_71.19%,0.125205,0.175687,0.014708,-0.084626,0.04924,-0.038208,-0.0047,-0.005307,0.043359,0.071437,0.006008,0.009292,-0.028246,-0.000963,-0.03393,-0.016309,0.017863,0.003674,0.01257,-0.013381,-0.005615,-0.000247,0.000616,-0.002048,-0.004311
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE050.Ymerged__BC_4490__Cov_71.19%,0.126344,0.173656,0.011314,-0.087533,0.048317,-0.039881,-0.008225,-0.008769,0.044177,0.072165,0.004709,0.012439,-0.027354,0.003853,-0.035016,-0.013259,0.015125,0.004054,0.009679,-0.013757,-0.005865,-0.000742,0.000986,-0.001687,-0.007784
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE053__BC_4424__Cov_54.65%,0.122929,0.174671,0.004903,-0.084626,0.052317,-0.039324,-0.006815,-0.002769,0.030883,0.073077,0.010718,0.016635,-0.020367,-0.005643,-0.03773,0.001193,0.033769,-0.000253,0.004399,-0.008879,-0.0141,-0.002597,-0.008258,-0.00241,0.010298
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ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE076.Ymerged__BC_4297__Cov_55.98%,0.114961,0.174671,0.01961,-0.075905,0.051394,-0.029005,-0.002585,0.002077,0.04295,0.060867,0.006658,0.007044,-0.017988,0.017065,-0.031487,-0.017502,0.00352,0.006714,0.006788,-0.010255,-0.009109,0.00272,0.000986,-0.011447,0
ROU_Gumelnița_En:PIE077__BC_4257__Cov_62.14%,0.126344,0.170609,0.021119,-0.0646,0.058165,-0.030399,-0.003525,-0.003923,0.034769,0.069067,0.003735,0.006894,-0.017988,0.010046,-0.036102,-0.023866,0.003651,0.008108,0.01345,-0.012381,-0.008859,0.014344,0.001725,-0.011206,-0.006826
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UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL002__BC_3585__Cov_51.19%,0.122929,0.153345,0.00264,-0.0323,0.016618,-0.017012,-0.002585,-0.003,0.002045,0.030251,0.009256,0.008842,-0.015163,-0.000826,-0.011808,-0.016839,-0.004433,-0.004054,0.005908,-0.004877,-0.007237,0.002597,-0.007641,-0.002169,-0.003233
UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL003__BC_3613__Cov_54.12%,0.124067,0.126941,0.024136,0.023256,0.007386,0.010319,0.001645,-0.008077,-0.018612,-0.012028,0.002273,0.012439,-0.008176,-0.006744,0.001086,0.000796,0.002608,-0.000507,0.007793,0.004377,0.004617,-0.000371,-0.000616,0.003133,0.002754
UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL004__BC_3872__Cov_73.21%,0.118376,0.157407,-0.001886,-0.04522,0.03139,-0.019522,0.001175,-0.001385,0.011658,0.031709,0,0.010341,-0.01665,-0.012386,-0.012893,-0.002784,0.010822,-0.003167,0.012318,-0.004127,0.003619,0.008903,-0.006532,-0.010122,-0.008742
UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL005__BC_3701__Cov_58.39%,0.126344,0.149283,0.004525,-0.034561,0.024312,-0.017291,-0.00094,-0.003692,0.003681,0.021322,0.006983,0.001349,-0.015015,0.001927,-0.002172,-0.019756,-0.009909,0.003041,0.008045,-0.001501,-0.002246,0.00371,-0.005669,-0.01928,-0.00467
UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL006__BC_4058__Cov_82.61%,0.118376,0.112724,0.032055,0.046189,-0.002154,0.01757,-0.002585,-0.004846,-0.028429,-0.024237,-0.003573,-0.00015,-0.003419,-0.008395,0.0019,0.005038,0.004042,-0.002154,0.000251,0.002751,0.00287,-0.001607,-0.003081,-0.002048,-0.005508
UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL007__BC_3886__Cov_36.19%,0.120652,0.11577,0.029038,0.05814,0.001231,0.015897,-0.00094,0.008307,-0.018612,-0.022597,-0.000974,-0.00045,-0.006838,-0.003716,0.015744,-0.005038,-0.015516,-0.002027,0.002137,0.002876,0.000499,0.000742,0.000863,0.001325,-0.00012
UKR_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL008__BC_3696__Cov_19.42%,0.112685,0.129988,0.024136,0.023579,0.018157,-0.00251,-0.003055,0,-0.010226,-0.004191,0.009743,0.003597,-0.017245,-0.007844,0.004343,0.000265,0.004172,0.006461,0.002263,0.008254,-0.003743,-0.000866,-0.007025,-0.015303,-0.010777
UKR_Usatove_EBA:MAJ004__BC_2686__Cov_25.58%,0.132035,0.093429,0.0445,0.104653,-0.007694,0.042949,-0.00141,0.000231,-0.037837,-0.053577,-0.000974,0.007943,-0.00773,-0.004679,0.031894,0.009546,-0.01356,-0.000887,0.001885,-0.005628,0.005116,0.006059,0.001725,0.015785,0.003113
UKR_Usatove_EBA:MAJ017__BC_2808__Cov_76.20%,0.1161,0.096475,0.04186,0.106268,-0.017849,0.041834,0.000705,-0.000231,-0.042132,-0.062689,-0.000812,-0.006294,0.0055,-0.016515,0.031216,0.009149,-0.018384,0.00038,-0.000377,0.005127,-0.000374,0.006801,0.013311,0.015785,-0.007664
UKR_Usatove_EBA:MAJ019__BC_2778__Cov_27.00%,0.119514,0.089367,0.033187,0.104006,-0.016618,0.040997,-0.00047,-0.001154,-0.037837,-0.057222,-0.005684,-0.001798,0.003122,-0.009221,0.033251,0.009679,-0.003651,0.007095,0.000251,-0.003252,-0.006239,0.002102,0.01368,0.022051,0.006107
UKR_Usatove_En:MAJ002__BC_4351__Cov_81.43%,0.120652,0.132019,0.01697,0.022933,-0.000308,0.006414,0.00094,-0.004615,-0.015135,-0.006014,-0.004222,0.003447,-0.004757,-0.008257,0.002307,0.003845,0.007823,-0.005828,0.000628,-0.00025,-0.001497,0.004822,-0.002095,-0.007953,0.006586
UKR_Usatove_En:MAJ003__BC_3777__Cov_75.93%,0.122929,0.129988,0.01697,0.017442,0.003693,-0.000837,0,-0.002538,-0.015748,-0.001822,0.003573,0.001499,-0.01442,-0.007294,0.004343,-0.00411,-0.00339,-0.0019,-0.007919,-0.001501,0.003619,0.004699,-0.005053,-0.000361,-0.002874
UKR_Usatove_En:MAJ008__BC_4110__Cov_18.70%,0.121791,0.129988,0.014331,0.00323,0.013541,0.005857,-0.00282,-0.001385,-0.020043,-0.007836,0.012342,-0.000899,-0.004757,-0.009634,0.005429,0.012994,0.018384,0.002154,0.005531,-0.003502,-0.001497,0.010634,0.000123,-0.01687,0.00012
UKR_Usatove_En:MAJ009__BC_4395__Cov_31.73%,0.111547,0.133034,0.004903,0.008721,0.017234,0.000279,0.00282,0.002769,-0.013294,0.002369,0.002598,0.008842,-0.002676,-0.005505,-0.008415,-0.008221,0.008605,-0.000253,-0.002514,0.007629,0.00262,0.001484,-0.003697,-0.010122,-0.005029
UKR_Usatove_En:MAJ020__BC_3871__Cov_62.89%,0.119514,0.140143,0.005657,-0.001615,0.007386,-0.004462,-0.00282,0.000923,-0.007567,0.007836,0.001461,0.009891,-0.015163,-0.008395,0.000679,0.001193,0.006258,-0.002914,0.005154,-0.000125,-0.001996,0.005688,0.001725,-0.008314,-0.002634
UKR_Usatove_En:MAJ023__BC_4145__Cov_41.76%,0.1161,0.107646,0.010182,0.028101,-0.005847,0.019801,-0.00047,-0.002538,-0.024747,-0.016219,0.008444,-0.003747,-0.008176,-0.014038,0.006922,0.013524,0.013821,-0.002534,-0.002137,0.000625,0.005989,0.000495,0.010969,0.003494,-0.002634
UKR_Usatove_En:UBK003__BC_3888__Cov_35.60%,0.111547,0.135065,0.013576,0.008721,0.004924,0.008367,-0.007285,-0.000692,-0.01718,0.000729,0.006496,-0.006894,-0.007284,-0.005505,0.008279,0.005967,0.015385,-0.004941,-0.000754,0.003502,0.005241,0.004204,-0.005916,-0.005663,-0.000958
UKR_Usatove_En:UBK006__BC_3618__Cov_43.44%,0.1161,0.121864,0.02225,0.034884,0.006463,0.000837,-0.00611,-0.002077,-0.015748,-0.011116,-0.000812,0.003747,-0.007879,-0.00812,0.001357,0.010077,0.016168,-0.000127,0.006536,-0.002501,-0.006239,0.007048,-0.006162,-0.005061,0.00491
UKR_Usatove_En:USV004__BC_3703__Cov_36.75%,0.122929,0.114755,0.015839,0.022287,-0.002462,0.006693,-0.005875,0.000231,-0.014521,-0.011663,0.007795,-0.000899,-0.009366,-0.016652,0.001764,-0.004375,-0.002738,-0.001647,0.015964,0.001751,-0.001996,-0.002226,-0.002465,-0.002289,-0.005269
UKR_Usatove_En:USV005__BC_3588__Cov_77.23%,0.120652,0.128972,0.00528,0.018734,-0.002462,0.008367,-0.00282,-0.010384,-0.022293,-0.009659,-0.002923,0.004946,-0.008474,-0.001514,0.004479,0.003845,0.004955,0.002154,0.006034,0.006503,0.011979,0.001731,0.005053,-0.00976,-0.000838

[PopGenist82]

provisional model for proto-Greek &  protoIllyran ?

[rafc]

The Ezero data date to 2900-2600 . Yamnaya arrived ~ 3100
So quite obviuosly Ezero cultre is not '300 years earlier than Yamnaya'

What is your source for this timing? David Anthony writes in "The horse, the wheel and the language":

In Bulgaria, the tells in the upland plains of the Balkans at Ezero, Yunatsite and Dubene-Sarovka were reoccupied about 3300-3200BC at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age (EBI) after almost a millenium of abandonment.

The same timing for the start of the occupation of these tells was recently found in "The human face of radiocarbon" for Tell Karanovo.

[PopGenist82]

The Ezero data date to 2900-2600 . Yamnaya arrived ~ 3100
So quite obviuosly Ezero cultre is not '300 years earlier than Yamnaya'

What is your source for this timing? David Anthony writes in "The horse, the wheel and the language":

In Bulgaria, the tells in the upland plains of the Balkans at Ezero, Yunatsite and Dubene-Sarovka were reoccupied about 3300-3200BC at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age (EBI) after almost a millenium of abandonment.

The same timing for the start of the occupation of these tells was recently found in "The human face of radiocarbon" for Tell Karanovo.

I work directly with the C14 of samples we are discussing. 

What the data is showing is that past classifications (eg based on pottery, tells or kurgans) are inadequate.  
In fact, all these groups are linked - early barrows, Yamnaya, Ezero , Yunatsite - all dominated by the key lineages but varying EEF, WHG, steppe ancestry. And these groups are new migrants from the Dniester - Dniper region with little if any relation to Varna, Karanovo VI, or the old layers of Yunatsite. That can be seen by the disappearance of C1a and R1b-V88.
The new guys began arriving as early 3700 bc, but mostly after ~ 3300 bc.
As stated before, the R1b-M269 wave came after ~ 3100 bc (Eg “Boyanovo”)

[rafc]

Well the C14 of many of the samples predates 3000BC, so that only confirms Ezero started before Yamnaya arrived. And remember, to be a source of the Ezero culture it should arrive well earlier. Ezero culture was sedentary on tells, while Yamnaya was a nomadic steppe culture, you don't go from one to the other overnight.

The map above is pretty nice. The part you circled in purple in Bulgaria, is that supposed to be the Bulgarian Yamnaya (combining with Greek locals in Greece after 2400BC) or the Ezero culture?

[PopGenist82]

Well the C14 of many of the samples predates 3000BC, so that only confirms Ezero started before Yamnaya arrived. And remember, to be a source of the Ezero culture it should arrive well earlier. Ezero culture was sedentary on tells, while Yamnaya was a nomadic steppe culture, you don't go from one to the other overnight.

The map above is pretty nice. The part you circled in purple in Bulgaria, is that supposed to be the Bulgarian Yamnaya (combining with Greek locals in Greece after 2400BC) or the Ezero culture?

Thanks . No I don’t think Ezero is the source of proto-Greeks. Although Ezero has steppe ancestry, the steppe guys in Ezero settled down; whilst the proto-Greeks were the cousins who continued moving on. The purple means they have a mix of Cernavoda/ :Usatavo & Yamnaya / Catacomb lineages

You’d have to define what you mean by “Yamnaya” . Because the I2a-L701 guys found in Bulgarian Yamnaya & Ezero had been there since 3700bc. Moreover , there are Ezero guys have R1b-M269 and date to 2600 bc, but you’re telling me guy that didn’t come from Yamnaya ? Double check the C14 data from the Arc paper for Ezero
But I do agree there’s a need for a third source

[PopGenist82]

The C14 dates samples from Ezero are: 

I19458   2466-2297 calBCE (3900±25 BP, PSUAMS-8406)    R1b-L151

From Smyadovo

I2177 3340-3026 calBCE (4470±30 BP, Ly-5516)    I-L701
I2176   3098-2914 calBCE (4394±29 BP, OxA-23059)  female 

This is consistent with my above suggestions


later in the week, I might take a look at those interesting WHG/EEF-rich neo-Tell Farmers of Bulgaria

[rafc]

I realize the terminology is confusing in this case, but Tell Ezero was occupied during different time periods. The term "Ezero culture" refers to the occupation from c. 3300BC-2700/2500BC in Tell Ezero, and most of the rest of Bulgaria. I19458 is indeed found at Tell Ezero, that does not imply he belonged to the same population as lived there during the Ezero culture.

Why are you referring to the Smyadovo samples? They are not Yamnaya.

[PopGenist82]

I realize the terminology is confusing in this case, but Tell Ezero was occupied during different time periods. The term "Ezero culture" refers to the occupation from c. 3300BC-2700/2500BC in Tell Ezero, and most of the rest of Bulgaria. I19458 is indeed found at Tell Ezero, that does not imply he belonged to the same population as lived there during the Ezero culture.

Why are you referring to the Smyadovo samples? They are not Yamnaya.

Sounds like you're having a hard time following/ accepting the data & I dont think it can be explained in any more basic terms.

[rafc]

I'm sure that's the issue ;-)

Anyway, since this is the new forum I'll make a short write-up of the argument I made at the old one and leave it at that.

The Tell Ezero samples of about 2400BC don't look like they can be the result of a mix of the Bulgarian Yamnaya and the Ezero culture (3300BC-2700/2500BC) which covered most of Bulgaria. We have many samples from both now. I proposed the Tell Ezero samples could be a new population, moving in from the north, which already had the Steppe/EEF mix. Since the Logkas and Theopetra samples look a lot like the Tell Ezero ones, and they are only slightly younger, the same might be true for them. If these Tell Ezero samples can be identified with the speakers of Paleo-Balkanic, this language would have been spoken somewhere between Danube and Dniepr, or just south of the Danube. Either as a mix of Yamnaya and EEF locals, or descendants of already mixed populations in that area (Cernavoda, Usatovo), which in the paper showed different proportions of Steppe & EEF.

[PopGenist82]

"rafc" pid="309" dateline="1696264460"
Why are you referring to the Smyadovo samples? They are not Yamnaya.

They're the same lineages, ie same males. I'd suggest you read and understand the data, including the actual dates of the individuals you're pretending to analyse.
Smyadovo ~ Bulgaria Yamnaya (Bul 6) = I2a-L701

The Tell Ezero samples of about 2400BC don't look like they can be the result of a mix of the Bulgarian Yamnaya and the Ezero culture (3300BC-2700/2500BC)

This statement is baseless becasue we dont have any sample from 3300 BC Ezero for sure. Theyre all undated, but from the same horizon as the 2500 BC R1b-L151 who obviously is from Yamnaya one way or another, But you're failing to cope
What we're seeing is persisting population structure, as described in the Lazarides paper; and Ezero culture arent a source for any Paleo-Balkan IE language, either.

[PopGenist82]

Its particularly interesting that the Ezero males are both R1b-M269, but living in tell settlements and using jar burials characteristic of the Aegean.

[rafc]

They're the same lineages, ie same males. I'd suggest you read and understand the data, including the actual dates of the individuals you're pretending to analyse.
Smyadovo ~ Bulgaria Yamnaya (Bul 6) = I2a-L701

Bul6 is not a Bulgarian Yamnaya, plotting the samples will show that:



Both the Smyadova samples and Bul6 are part of the local population (Ezero culture). Also, I2a-L701 has a TMRCA of about 7000/8000BC, we are discussing much younger samples. In fact, they belong to different daughter clades of L701 and so diverged 4000 years earlier (the Smyadova ones are under S22311, Bul6 under P78). I commented in my first post on the fact that all male samples from the Ezero culture are I2.

This statement is baseless becasue we dont have any sample from 3300 BC Ezero for sure. Theyre all undated, but from the same horizon as the 2500 BC R1b-L151 who obviously is from Yamnaya one way or another, But you're failing to cope

You are still confusing the Ezero culture (3300-2700/2500BC) samples from all over Bulgaria with the later samples from Tell Ezero (~2375BC).

What we're seeing is persisting population structure, as described in the Lazarides paper; and Ezero culture arent a source for any Paleo-Balkan IE language, either.

Not sure what the first part means, but the second is what I have been saying here all along.

[PopGenist82]

Both the Smyadova samples and Bul6 are part of the local population (Ezero culture).
Also, I2a-L701 has a TMRCA of about 7000/8000BC, we are discussing much younger samples. In fact, they belong to different daughter clades of L701 and so diverged 4000 years earlier (the Smyadova ones are under S22311, Bul6 under P78). 

They are neither 'locals' nor did they separate in 8000 BC. You appear to be quoting a TMRCA without understanding it accurately and, more probelmatically, without looking at the first-hand evidence. 
The aDNA record of the well sampled Balkan peninsula shows that these individuals only entered Bulgaria after 3500 BC, over the span of a couple hundred years. Individuals derived for those lineages werent there in the Ice age, nor were they there in the preceding Varna-Karanovo period (apart from one or so individual which might be derived for I-L701 amongst a sea of G2a, H2, C1a, J2a, and R1b-V88).
Bul4 -Bulgarian Yamnaya, the Smyadovo set, Merlicheri_BA, Beli Breyag barrows - all derived for L-701.
And just because some of them are high in EEF , it doesn't mean theyre 'locals', as the source of their EEF could be from elsewhere.

You are still confusing the Ezero culture (3300-2700/2500BC) samples from all over Bulgaria with the later samples from Tell Ezero (~2375BC).

It Is better to use OBJECTIVE terms like Thracian tell burials 3000 BC.
whatever the case, the Ezero site individuals date ~ 2500 BC, and so Sveti Kirilovo phase Ezero site has R1b-M269 

This takes us to my original point grosso modo for Bulgaria:
- I2a-L701 entered Bulgaria after 3500 
- then R1b-M269 entered. c 3000 BC
- EEF rich groups also entrered Bulgaria c. 3300 BC

yay for facts.