Best-guess origins of the major R-U106 haplogroups

[Uintah106]

I'm interested in seeing which subclade the Unetice R-U106 sample from Penske et al. belongs to.

I ran his G25:

Target: German:LEU007
Distance: 3.6550% / 0.03654969

Yamnaya_RUS_Samara: 56.0
TUR_Barcin_N: 30.2
WHG: 13.8

This analysis was done by a member over on the R-U106 forum.                                                                                                        These results indicate that LEU007 appears effectively to be R-U106+:

• consistent path to R -L151, R-U106+ with 2 reads, R-P312- (6 reads).
  

LEU007 could apparently be pre-R-BY69794 (block made up of 13 SNPs, R-A2150 branch directly downstream of R-U106):

• No read for R-A2150 (A2150 and A2151 SNPs)
  
• Clade R-BY69794: 1 positive read for FT420436, 1 positive read for ZS1682, 3 negative reads for BY69794, 3 negative reads for BY74465, no read for the other SNPs of this clade (9/13).
  

[Uintah106]

I'm interested in seeing which subclade the Unetice R-U106 sample from Penske et al. belongs to.

I ran his G25:

Target: German:LEU007
Distance: 3.6550% / 0.03654969

Yamnaya_RUS_Samara: 56.0
TUR_Barcin_N: 30.2
WHG: 13.8

This analysis was done by a member over on the R-U106 forum.                                                                                                        These results indicate that LEU007 appears effectively to be R-U106+:

• consistent path to R -L151, R-U106+ with 2 reads, R-P312- (6 reads).
  

LEU007 could apparently be pre-R-BY69794 (block made up of 13 SNPs, R-A2150 branch directly downstream of R-U106):

• No read for R-A2150 (A2150 and A2151 SNPs)
  
• Clade R-BY69794: 1 positive read for FT420436, 1 positive read for ZS1682, 3 negative reads for BY69794, 3 negative reads for BY74465, no read for the other SNPs of this clade (9/13).
  

This also on the R-U106 forum via DR. McDonald> This cements R-U106 as one of the dominant haplogroups of the Unetice culture, and suggests that there may be more branches of R-U106 to become tied to this culture. My expectation is that all of R-Z156 and probably R-S1688 are associated with this culture, and possibly other sub-clades of R-U106 too. We know that the Unetice culture fed into many later cultures in Europe and that, for western Europe, the Tumulus culture is one of the important ones. This could give a potential but still highly speculative route for R-A2150 testers from the Corded Ware culture through either to the Celtic or Germanic cultures of central Europe during that time. so from the R-U106 forum;

[Orentil]

I find the following observations from the publication Steppe Ancestry in western Eurasia and the spread of the Germanic Languages https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/...3.584607v1 in the supplementary material very interesting:

"Downstream of R1b1a1b1a (R1b-L11), haplogroup R1b1a1b1a1a1 (R1b-U106) have been previously argued to be related to the expansion of the Germanic languages, due to its high frequency in places where those languages are spoken today (Figure S6). We found most of the individuals of the dataset positive for R1b-U106 to belong to two different downstream sublineages, which have starkly distinct distributions, particularly in the early Iron Age.
R1b1a1b1a1a1c (R1b-Z19) is found almost exclusively in Northern Europe (with the only exception being a Langobard from Hungary), and likely represents a local variant of R1b-U106 (Figure S7).

Instead, its sister lineage, R1b1a1b1a1a1b (R1b-S263), is absent in Scandinavia before the Iron Age (Figure S8), where it spreads, likely through an Eastern North Sea source, and becomes dominant in South Scandinavia during the Iron Age, before spreading through Northern Europe. This pattern strongly matches the one seen using autosomes, that detect gene flow back into Scandinavia related to the spread of Germanic languages. Another potential signal of this migration is the increase in frequency of R1b-U106 sister lineage, R1b1a1b1a1a2 (R1b-P312), that has a more continental distribution. and is almost absent in Scandinavia before 2,000 BP."