Genome sequences of 36,000- to 37,000-year-old modern humans at Buran-Kaya III in Cri

[billh]

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02211-9
Abstract
Populations genetically related to present-day Europeans first appeared in Europe at some point after 38,000–40,000 years ago, following a cold period of severe climatic disruption. These new migrants would eventually replace the pre-existing modern human ancestries in Europe, but initial interactions between these groups are unclear due to the lack of genomic evidence from the earliest periods of the migration. Here we describe the genomes of two 36,000–37,000-year-old individuals from Buran-Kaya III in Crimea as belonging to this newer migration. Both genomes share the highest similarity to Gravettian-associated individuals found several thousand years later in southwestern Europe. These genomes also revealed that the population turnover in Europe after 40,000 years ago was accompanied by admixture with pre-existing modern human populations. European ancestry before 40,000 years ago persisted not only at Buran-Kaya III but is also found in later Gravettian-associated populations of western Europe and Mesolithic Caucasus populations.





Does anyone have the G25 coords for these samples yet?

Seems like these are now the earliest "West Eurasian" type samples...

[AimSmall]

I just downloaded the BAM files... I might be able to at least produce some simulations.

[AimSmall]

K36 sims

K36
BK3C,2.38,0,0,0.63,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12.06,10.76,16.29,0,0,1.98,0,4.52,0,0,5.97,9.03,2.51,0,5.29,0,14.85,6.29,7.45,0,0,0,0
BK3A,1.51,0,0,4.89,0,15.19,7.12,0,21.01,0,15.44,0,0,8.23,0,0,3.97,0,0,2.1,0,0,0,0,0,7.38,0,0,5.91,0,0,0,0,0,7.25,0

G25 Sims from K36
BK3C_sim,0.010618,0.013207,-0.014158,0.035429,0.019592,0.011226,0.004391,-0.015954,0.031462,0.012414,-0.004871,0.001126,-0.003884,-0.012178,0.015898,0.001353,0.000764,-0.000537,-0.004871,0.001615,0.006499,-0.000169,0.002347,0.002210,0.001934
BK3A_sim,0.067276,0.045044,0.023476,0.035396,0.038942,-0.024217,0.002882,0.001663,0.001831,-0.010518,-0.006113,-0.001197,-0.003523,0.032854,-0.020305,-0.010994,0.011267,0.000945,0.013932,0.002515,-0.000747,-0.011517,0.004401,-0.000993,0.000105

[AimSmall]

Compared to the new full list of Neolithics from Allentoft

Target: BK3A
Distance: 6.3374% / 0.06337370 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.2 Georgia_Kotias_UP
33.6 Estonia_Corded_Ware_Culture
17.6 Hungary_Tisza_MN
11.6 Russia_Pad_Tokui_Mesolithic

Target: BK3C
Distance: 7.2603% / 0.07260281 | ADC: 0.25x RC
69.2 Georgia_Kotias_UP
15.4 Russia_Vengerovo_C
9.4 Iran_PPN
6.0 Russia_Zjindo_Mesolithic


Please note:  The samples are of VERY LOW coverage.

BK3A is 1.11% Genotype ratio on K36
BK3C is 4.99% Genotype ratio on K36

ANALYZING RAW FILE BK3A_all-Nova.hs37d5_tg.nid.rescaled_23andMe_V35.txt

> Format: 23andme
> Total SNPs: 1413326
> Flipped SNPs: 0 (0.00%)
> Heterozygous SNPs: 17 (0.00%)
> Homozygous SNPs: 15263 (1.08%)
> NoCalls SNPs: 1398018 (98.92%)


ANALYZING RAW FILE BK3C_all.hs37d5_tg.nid.rescaled_23andMe_V35.txt

> Format: 23andme
> Total SNPs: 1413326
> Flipped SNPs: 0 (0.00%)
> Heterozygous SNPs: 205 (0.01%)
> Homozygous SNPs: 68651 (4.86%)
> NoCalls SNPs: 1344369 (95.12%)

[AimSmall]

Here are LM K47 results which generally yield slightly more accurate G25 simulations.  However, considering the low quality coverage of these samples, I'm not sure it really makes a difference.

K47
BK3C,0,4.52,10.1,1.28,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5.43,0.53,14.52,0,3.72,0,6.21,0,0,0,0,0,10.15,0.33,0,2.59,9.02,2.47,5.39,1.75,0,0,14.56,0,6.42,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0
BK3A,0,0,0,0,15.29,0,12.76,0,0,0.1,0,9.58,7.15,0,13.06,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,17.71,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9.02,0.76,0,0,0,4.33,9.01,1.23,0


G25 sims
BK3C_K47sim,-0.011754,0.030297,0.006244,0.023864,0.012766,0.003331,0.021237,-0.014366,0.030051,0.008892,0.004449,-0.007045,0.006699,-0.017916,0.015832,-0.000622,-0.000046,0.018562,-0.015738,0.005945,-0.002246,0.004844,0.005311,0.006331,0.000083
BK3A_K47sim,0.035329,0.019083,0.017397,0.014430,-0.006781,-0.033600,-0.064418,-0.072562,0.017311,-0.014543,-0.000738,0.001167,-0.000155,-0.010477,0.018346,-0.007943,0.004715,-0.005558,-0.006672,0.003401,-0.004618,-0.008453,0.005891,0.005721,0.002264

Target: BK3A_47
Distance: 1.8742% / 0.01874201 | ADC: 0.25x RC
21.0 CanaryIslands_Guanche.SG
20.8 PuertoRico_PasodelIndio_Ceramic_o
16.2 Spain_NazariPeriod_LateMuslim
13.4 Russia_Steppe_Maikop_o
13.0 Russia_Sarmatian.SG
6.2 Sudan_EarlyChristian_S
4.0 China_Xinjiang_Kuokesuxi_EIA
3.4 Vanuatu_2300BP
2.0 Turkey_Ottoman_ArabGraves

Target: BK3C_47
Distance: 1.7271% / 0.01727100 | ADC: 0.25x RC
32.2 Romania_Oase_UP_enhanced
16.4 England_MIA_LIA_alt
11.2 Serbia_Medieval_Gepidian.SG
10.4 Russia_Karasuk_oRISE.SG
10.0 CanaryIslands_Guanche.SG
6.6 South_Africa_1900BP.SG
6.0 Spain_Visigoth_Granada
4.2 Israel_Natufian
3.0 Romania_PesteraMuierii_EUP

[aganmu]

AimSmall 's Y/mt-DNA postulation in this thread：https://genarchivist.freeforums.net/thread/280/buran-kaya-last?page=1, could that make some sense？

[ph2ter]

Code:

Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene:F6-620_noUDG,-0.078538,-0.144205,-0.090886,0.074936,0.010463,-0.01255,0.00094,-0.006692,0.0407,0.010934,0.006008,-0.007643,0.010109,0.005643,0.001493,-0.015778,0.000522,0.016089,-0.000251,0.015132,0.004617,0.002473,-0.007272,-0.007471,-0.003353

[ilabv]

Code:

Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene:F6-620_noUDG,-0.078538,-0.144205,-0.090886,0.074936,0.010463,-0.01255,0.00094,-0.006692,0.0407,0.010934,0.006008,-0.007643,0.010109,0.005643,0.001493,-0.015778,0.000522,0.016089,-0.000251,0.015132,0.004617,0.002473,-0.007272,-0.007471,-0.003353

There's a new Bacho Kiro sample?

[ph2ter]

Code:

Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene:F6-620_noUDG,-0.078538,-0.144205,-0.090886,0.074936,0.010463,-0.01255,0.00094,-0.006692,0.0407,0.010934,0.006008,-0.007643,0.010109,0.005643,0.001493,-0.015778,0.000522,0.016089,-0.000251,0.015132,0.004617,0.002473,-0.007272,-0.007471,-0.003353

There's a new Bacho Kiro sample?

These are new G25 values for F6-620 dated 44 255 ybp.

[old europe]

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02211-9
Abstract
Populations genetically related to present-day Europeans first appeared in Europe at some point after 38,000–40,000 years ago, following a cold period of severe climatic disruption. These new migrants would eventually replace the pre-existing modern human ancestries in Europe, but initial interactions between these groups are unclear due to the lack of genomic evidence from the earliest periods of the migration. Here we describe the genomes of two 36,000–37,000-year-old individuals from Buran-Kaya III in Crimea as belonging to this newer migration. Both genomes share the highest similarity to Gravettian-associated individuals found several thousand years later in southwestern Europe. These genomes also revealed that the population turnover in Europe after 40,000 years ago was accompanied by admixture with pre-existing modern human populations. European ancestry before 40,000 years ago persisted not only at Buran-Kaya III but is also found in later Gravettian-associated populations of western Europe and Mesolithic Caucasus populations.





Does anyone have the G25 coords for these samples yet?

Seems like these are now the earliest "West Eurasian" type samples...

it seems to me that this confirms the existence of  a dna  Fournol/Buran Kaya like  that expanded  in europe  with the aurignacian technocomplex. Or maybe according to the differentiation between proto and early aurignacian on an archeological basis  we could have a proto aurignacian dispersal that was Fournol like and an early aurignacian that had a dispersal along the balkan and beyond in the eastern european plain that was more Muierii/ Kostenki like.

[ilabv]

Code:

Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene:F6-620_noUDG,-0.078538,-0.144205,-0.090886,0.074936,0.010463,-0.01255,0.00094,-0.006692,0.0407,0.010934,0.006008,-0.007643,0.010109,0.005643,0.001493,-0.015778,0.000522,0.016089,-0.000251,0.015132,0.004617,0.002473,-0.007272,-0.007471,-0.003353

There's a new Bacho Kiro sample?

These are new G25 values for F6-620 dated 44 255 ybp.

The only samples in the Davidski datasheet are:

BB7-240, CC7-335, BK-1653

I wonder why he wasn't included

[ph2ter]

Code:

Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene:F6-620_noUDG,-0.078538,-0.144205,-0.090886,0.074936,0.010463,-0.01255,0.00094,-0.006692,0.0407,0.010934,0.006008,-0.007643,0.010109,0.005643,0.001493,-0.015778,0.000522,0.016089,-0.000251,0.015132,0.004617,0.002473,-0.007272,-0.007471,-0.003353

There's a new Bacho Kiro sample?

These are new G25 values for F6-620 dated 44 255 ybp.

The only samples in the Davidski datasheet are:

BB7-240, CC7-335, BK-1653

I wonder why he wasn't included

He doesn't include samples as they come, but in batches.
This could be a temporary, preliminary G25.

[DNA archi]

This is not a new sample, it is a double of the old sample that is in G25.

BGR_Bacho_Kiro_IUP:F6-620,-0.076261,-0.142174,-0.087869,0.073321,0.004616,-0.01255,0.000235,-0.004846,0.040496,0.010752,0.001786,-0.007044,0.011447,0.005092,0.004614,-0.009414,-0.001956,0.015583,-0.006662,0.019009,0.004742,0.006925,-0.002342,-0.007471,-0.004071

F6-620_noUDG is just another variant from a lower quality file.

[ilabv]

Code:

Bulgaria_BachoKiro_LatePleistocene:F6-620_noUDG,-0.078538,-0.144205,-0.090886,0.074936,0.010463,-0.01255,0.00094,-0.006692,0.0407,0.010934,0.006008,-0.007643,0.010109,0.005643,0.001493,-0.015778,0.000522,0.016089,-0.000251,0.015132,0.004617,0.002473,-0.007272,-0.007471,-0.003353

There's a new Bacho Kiro sample?

These are new G25 values for F6-620 dated 44 255 ybp.

The only samples in the Davidski datasheet are:

BB7-240, CC7-335, BK-1653

I wonder why he wasn't included

He doesn't include samples as they come, but in batches.
This could be a temporary, preliminary  G25.

Why was it re-sequenced? Was it highly damaged or contaminated? I could see this as the reason he didn't include it in his newest datasheet (the old one I mean, which is not included despite him updating everything)

[Norfern-Ostrobothnian]

I think the culprit is because the sample had a duplicate and they were both titled with that in the 1240K dataset. That's why it was left out.