Rurikovich: the first experience of reconstructing the genetic appearance of the ruling family of medieval Russia according to paleogenomics
ABSTRACT
Representatives of the Rurikovich family were rulers of Russia for seven centuries, from the IX to the end of the XVI century. "The Tale of Bygone Years", the main chronicle source about the first centuries of the history of Russia, traces the origin of this princely family from the Varangian Rurik, called to reign in 862, however, direct genetic evidence of the origin of the early Rurikovich has not yet been received. In this work, for the first time, a full-genome paleogenetic analysis of the bone remains of the founder of the Rurikovich family – the Grand Duke of Vladimir Dmitry Alexandrovich (?-1294), the son of the Grand Duke of Kiev and Vladimir Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (1221-1263) was carried out. It was found that his Y chromosome belongs to the N1a haplogroup. The majority of modern Rurikovites, who, according to their pedigrees, belong to haplogroup N1a, have the most similar variations of Y chromosomes among themselves, as well as with the Y chromosome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich. The totality of genome-wide data of medieval and modern Rurik can unequivocally say that their genus, starting at least from the XI century. (since the time of Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise), is characterized by the carrier of the N1a-haplogroup of the Y chromosome. All other alleged Rurikovichi, both ancient and modern, are carriers of other haplogroups (R1a, I2a), have high heterogeneity of the Y chromosome sequence and do not confirm a single origin. The most likely distant ancestors of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich in the male line were men who left the Big Deer Island burial ground on the coast of the Kola Peninsula about 3,600 years ago. Modeling of the genome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich indicates the contribution of three ancestral components to its origin: (1) populations of the early Medieval population of eastern Scandinavia from the island of Eland; (2) representatives of the steppe nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppes of the Iron Age or the early Medieval population of Central Europe (steppe nomads from Hungary) and (3) the ancient Siberian component. Reliable statistical values were also obtained when replacing the inhabitants of Scandinavia with representatives of the Slavic Old Russian population of the XI century . Thus, for the first time on the example of ancient Rurikovich, the genetic component of the complex nature of interethnic interactions in the formation of the nobility of medieval Russia is shown.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yOyGjdQ...p=drivesdk
Sequencing data for the NEV2 sample.3 are available for download via the link
http:// russiangenome.ru/NEV2_3.bam
ABSTRACT
Representatives of the Rurikovich family were rulers of Russia for seven centuries, from the IX to the end of the XVI century. "The Tale of Bygone Years", the main chronicle source about the first centuries of the history of Russia, traces the origin of this princely family from the Varangian Rurik, called to reign in 862, however, direct genetic evidence of the origin of the early Rurikovich has not yet been received. In this work, for the first time, a full-genome paleogenetic analysis of the bone remains of the founder of the Rurikovich family – the Grand Duke of Vladimir Dmitry Alexandrovich (?-1294), the son of the Grand Duke of Kiev and Vladimir Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (1221-1263) was carried out. It was found that his Y chromosome belongs to the N1a haplogroup. The majority of modern Rurikovites, who, according to their pedigrees, belong to haplogroup N1a, have the most similar variations of Y chromosomes among themselves, as well as with the Y chromosome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich. The totality of genome-wide data of medieval and modern Rurik can unequivocally say that their genus, starting at least from the XI century. (since the time of Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise), is characterized by the carrier of the N1a-haplogroup of the Y chromosome. All other alleged Rurikovichi, both ancient and modern, are carriers of other haplogroups (R1a, I2a), have high heterogeneity of the Y chromosome sequence and do not confirm a single origin. The most likely distant ancestors of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich in the male line were men who left the Big Deer Island burial ground on the coast of the Kola Peninsula about 3,600 years ago. Modeling of the genome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich indicates the contribution of three ancestral components to its origin: (1) populations of the early Medieval population of eastern Scandinavia from the island of Eland; (2) representatives of the steppe nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppes of the Iron Age or the early Medieval population of Central Europe (steppe nomads from Hungary) and (3) the ancient Siberian component. Reliable statistical values were also obtained when replacing the inhabitants of Scandinavia with representatives of the Slavic Old Russian population of the XI century . Thus, for the first time on the example of ancient Rurikovich, the genetic component of the complex nature of interethnic interactions in the formation of the nobility of medieval Russia is shown.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yOyGjdQ...p=drivesdk
Sequencing data for the NEV2 sample.3 are available for download via the link
http:// russiangenome.ru/NEV2_3.bam