Stolarek et al: Genetic history of East-Central Europe...

[alexfritz]

Gepid period sample?

Distance to: HungaryMiddleTisza_GepidPeriod:RKO007
0.02750730 Polish_Kashubian
0.02832653 Polish
0.02964810 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr
0.03018223 Ukrainian_Rivne
0.03056880 Russian_Belgorod
0.03096117 Sorb_Niederlausitz
0.03147945 Ukrainian_Chernihiv
0.03188873 Russian_Smolensk
0.03323647 Russian_Voronez
0.03343360 Lithuanian_VA
0.03354112 Lithuanian_PA
0.03431508 Russian_Kaluga
0.03456728 Belarusian
0.03503825 Cossack_Ukrainian
0.03542262 Ukrainian_Dnipro
0.03545803 Russian_Kursk
0.03575475 Russian_Pskov
0.03578534 Polish_Silesian
0.03590041 Ukrainian_Sumy
0.03618168 Russian_Orel
0.03660166 Slovakian
0.03789680 Ukrainian_Lviv
0.03997974 Lithuanian_RA
0.04050021 Russian_Ryazan
0.04135516 Lithuanian_VZ

Target: HungaryMiddleTisza_GepidPeriod:RKO007
Distance: 2.2580% / 0.02257982
56.6 Lithuanian_SZ
17.0 Polish_Kashubian
8.0 Lithuanian_VA
5.4 Basque_Gipuzkoa_Southwest
4.6 Abkhasian_Gudauta
4.6 Spanish_Soria
3.8 Sardinian

Target: HungaryMiddleTisza_GepidPeriod:RKO007
Distance: 2.4485% / 0.02448547 | ADC: 0.5x RC
33.2 Lithuanian_VA
26.2 Polish_Kashubian
15.4 Polish_Silesian
12.6 Sorb_Niederlausitz
8.0 Slovakian
4.6 Russian_Belgorod

Target: HungaryMiddleTisza_GepidPeriod:RKO007
Distance: 2.5251% / 0.02525055 | ADC: 1x RC
54.6 Polish_Kashubian
26.4 Russian_Belgorod
19.0 Lithuanian_VA

https://www.theytree.com/tree/I-Y2170
https://www.theytree.com/mttree/K1b2a1





HungaryMiddleTisza_GepidPeriod:RKO007,0.142279,0.135065,0.075424,0.0646,0.042162,0.022869,0.015041,0.017307,-0.004909,-0.01713,-0.006171,-0.003147,0.009663,0.017616,-0.01045,0.001856,0.009909,-0.007855,-0.000377,0.015382,-0.00549,-0.003586,0.002958,-0.00976,0.006347

-----------------

New Global25 coordinates (Avar, Sarmatian, Gepid, etc. samples including labels from "Network of large pedigrees reveals social practices of Avar communities" study) based on the official genotype data - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xGPQI6c...sp=sharing
Genotype data - https://server.poseidon-adna.org/zip_fil...rPedigrees

The Middle Tisza region between the 4th and 9th centuries

The comprehensive analysis of the Tisza region is a key area for understanding the early Medieval history of the Carpathian Basin. This area was never part of the Roman Empire but served as a border and contact zone between the Empire and the ‘barbarians’ for centuries. The Tisza-region was a densely settled territory between the 4th and 9th centuries and as such it served as one of the core regions for the project to understand the transformation that took place outside of the borders of the Roman Empire. The core of the Middle Tisza region is Rákóczifalva, a complex location with cemeteries, solitary graves and settlement structures on one surface spanning from the the 3rd up to the 8th century. Most of the burials are dated to the Sarmatian and to the Avar period, so we complemented the sampling with sites dated to the 5th and 6th centuries. (Sampling between the 4th and 8th centuries with ca. 770 samples from 14 sites).

From ‘Sarmatian’ to ‘Gepid’ between the 4th and 6th centuries

The Tisza region is regarded as the core area of the 5th-century Hunnic Empire under Attila; however, in addition to new immigrants from the East, the survival of earlier Sarmatian population is presumable as well. After the fall of the Huns, in the second half of the 5th century, the area came under the sway of the Gepids. Nevertheless, the political shifts and the emergence of new people might only be the result of changing identities and not changing populations. In the archaeological data this particular period marks a remarkable shift between the long-inhabited villages of the Sarmatian period (4th century) which reflected a sedentary way of life, and the more mobile, smaller communities of the Hun period (5th century). Furthermore, recent archaeological analyses of burial practices, female dress accessories and artificial skull deformation proved that there was a continuous cultural transformation during the 5th century, not a radical change. (sites: Rákóczifalva, Pusztataskony, Tiszaug). This is also a region where high concentration of 6th-century communities is detectable, so social change between the 5th and the 6th centuries is well researched. The excavated sites show a change in funerary representation between the 5th and 6th centuries and the emergence (at least the emergence of archaeologically visible) hierarchized social structures with richly furnished male and female burials.

Avar period between the 7th and 9th centuries in the Tisza region

During the Avar period a series of newly founded cemeteries appeared: first small burial groups, then, from the middle of the 7th century, large cemeteries as well. At the same time, the continuous use of 6th century sites is also observable suggesting the wide scale (?) survival of Gepid-period population groups. Cultural differences can be detected even in smaller geographical regions: Western influences, as well as Eastern European and East Central Asian materials and burial practices are present next to one another. (sites: Tiszagyenda, Rákóczifalva, Tiszabura). The abundance of contemporaneous Avar period sites with different archaeological character and diverse anthropological characteristic provides an ample opportunity in this region to study how these detectable differences developed, what is the relationship between the sites and whether this heterogeneity is also detectable in the genomic data. Even in the 8th century – which is considered a rather homogeneous time period from a cultural point of view – communities along the Tisza river are remarkably diverse. The Rákóczifalva sites show typical “Transtisza” characteristics (e.g. animal sacrifices), Tiszabura's cemetery is shows similarities to Tiszafüred and also displays Transdanubian Meroving influences, and in Tiszagyenda there is an early Avar, perhaps surviving 6th-century population. (sites: Tiszagyenda, Rákóczifalva, Tiszabura). The Rákóczifalva sites (site 8 and 8A) provide an opportunity to compare the communities of two cemeteries established close to each other (one larger, used for a long time and one smaller).

https://www.histogenes.org/budapest-mannheim-team-elte

No real surprise to find "Gepidic" descendants in this region in the 7th century even after their defeat in 567 AD, the surprise might be rather that some still show a very Wielbark-like autosomal profile. It was clear from historical sources that only a part of the Gepids joined their former enemies, the Langobards to Italy.

all the more surprising however since the McColl paper claimed that the Wielbarks profile difused once the Goths reached the Blacksea at hand of the Crimean samples; then again the paper has a great miss by not incl the Viyas data from Pannonia, eg Balatonszemes and Hacs but also earlier Fonyod, for their analysis specifically for an e.Scand profile once prime in Wielbark

it is indeed most likely that only the queen Rosamund and the court at Sirmium "followed" the Longobards into Italy but it seems that the three sites mentioned on #627 actually date to the 5th-6th c. though with little to none absolute-dates, maybe the paper will change that; Pusztataskony is said to be the earliest and the other two sites Rákóczifalva and Tiszaug-Országúti fall mostly into the 6th c.; nonetheless Gepids indeed remained amongst the Avars in the Tisza area though much of their assemblage is now 'Merovingian' and could also reflect an exchange between Franks and Avars; though by the looks of it HistoGenes prob has the data on those sites aswell

one thing that bothered me was that one of the abstracts mentions an allaince with 'Attila  during the Hunnic empire' but infact the Greuthungi out of which both the Amal-Goths(Ostrogoths) and Gepids most prob derived from already had an "alliance" with Balamber eversince he overran Ermanaric's realm making the Greuthungi vassals of the Huns prob along with the Sciri (cf Odoaker); long before Attila