03-17-2024, 07:40 PM
I find the following observations from the publication Steppe Ancestry in western Eurasia and the spread of the Germanic Languages https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/...3.584607v1 in the supplementary material very interesting:
"Downstream of R1b1a1b1a (R1b-L11), haplogroup R1b1a1b1a1a1 (R1b-U106) have been previously argued to be related to the expansion of the Germanic languages, due to its high frequency in places where those languages are spoken today (Figure S6). We found most of the individuals of the dataset positive for R1b-U106 to belong to two different downstream sublineages, which have starkly distinct distributions, particularly in the early Iron Age.
R1b1a1b1a1a1c (R1b-Z19) is found almost exclusively in Northern Europe (with the only exception being a Langobard from Hungary), and likely represents a local variant of R1b-U106 (Figure S7).
Instead, its sister lineage, R1b1a1b1a1a1b (R1b-S263), is absent in Scandinavia before the Iron Age (Figure S8), where it spreads, likely through an Eastern North Sea source, and becomes dominant in South Scandinavia during the Iron Age, before spreading through Northern Europe. This pattern strongly matches the one seen using autosomes, that detect gene flow back into Scandinavia related to the spread of Germanic languages. Another potential signal of this migration is the increase in frequency of R1b-U106 sister lineage, R1b1a1b1a1a2 (R1b-P312), that has a more continental distribution. and is almost absent in Scandinavia before 2,000 BP."
"Downstream of R1b1a1b1a (R1b-L11), haplogroup R1b1a1b1a1a1 (R1b-U106) have been previously argued to be related to the expansion of the Germanic languages, due to its high frequency in places where those languages are spoken today (Figure S6). We found most of the individuals of the dataset positive for R1b-U106 to belong to two different downstream sublineages, which have starkly distinct distributions, particularly in the early Iron Age.
R1b1a1b1a1a1c (R1b-Z19) is found almost exclusively in Northern Europe (with the only exception being a Langobard from Hungary), and likely represents a local variant of R1b-U106 (Figure S7).
Instead, its sister lineage, R1b1a1b1a1a1b (R1b-S263), is absent in Scandinavia before the Iron Age (Figure S8), where it spreads, likely through an Eastern North Sea source, and becomes dominant in South Scandinavia during the Iron Age, before spreading through Northern Europe. This pattern strongly matches the one seen using autosomes, that detect gene flow back into Scandinavia related to the spread of Germanic languages. Another potential signal of this migration is the increase in frequency of R1b-U106 sister lineage, R1b1a1b1a1a2 (R1b-P312), that has a more continental distribution. and is almost absent in Scandinavia before 2,000 BP."